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  • pharmaceutical analysis  (4)
  • Chemistry  (2)
  • Best. der Aminogruppe  (1)
  • Best. von Chlor und Brom in Organ. Verbindungen  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of ethambutol in pharmaceutical preparations by atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry and potentiometry (1992)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 109 (1992), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: pharmaceutical analysis ; determination of ethambutol ; copper electrode ; atomic-absorption spectrometry ; spectrophotometry ; copper-ethambutol complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Simple methods are described for the determination of ethambutol in pharmaceutical preparations. They are based on the reaction of the drug with copper phosphate suspension in a borate buffer of pH 9.2, whereby a blue 1∶1 water-soluble copper-ethambutol complex is quantitatively formed. Four portions of the reaction solution are used for (i) measurement of copper by atomic-absorption spectrometry at 324.7 nm; (ii) potentiometric titration with EDTA with use of a solid-state copper ion-selective electrode; (iii) visual titration with EDTA (copper-PAN indicator); and (iv) spectrophotometric measurement of the copper-ethambutol complex at 640 nm. The results obtained are in good agreement and are better than those of the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242474
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane sensors for batch and flow injection potentiometric determination of ethamsylate (cyclonamine) in pharmaceutical preparations (1997)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 126 (1997), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: determination ; ethamsylate ; potentiometry ; pharmaceutical analysis ; nickel and iron bathophenanthroline ; ion-selective electrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The lipophilic nickel(II) and iron(II) bathophenanthroline derivatives of ethamsylate are used as ion-exchangers with high selectivity characteristics for ethamsylate. Poly(vinyl chloride) membrane sensors incorporating these electroactive materials display fast linear response for 1 × 10−1−1 × 10−4 M ethamsylate under static and hydrodynamic modes of operation. In an acetate buffer of pH 4, the calibration slope is 51–53 mV/concentration decade and the lower limit of detection is 5.3 μg/ml. Except for salicylate and nitrate, most common anions, organic sulfonates, carboxylates, phenolates and various pharmaceutical excipients and diluents do not interfere. Determination of ethamsylate in various dosage forms shows an average recovery of 98.9% of the nominal and a mean standard deviation of 0.7%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242323
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct potentiometry and potentiotitrimetry of warfarin and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical preparations using PVC ferroin-based membrane sensors (1998)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 129 (1998), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: direct potentiometry ; potentiotitrimetry ; pharmaceutical analysis ; warfarin ; ibuprofen ; ferroin ; membrane sensors ; ionselective electrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sensitive and fast-responding potentiometric sensors are described for the determination of warfarin and ibuprofen. They consist of PVC matrix membranes containing the drag-ferroin ion-association complexes as electroactive materials and dioctylphthalate as a solvent mediator. Linear dynamic response range between 1 × 10−2 and 2 × 10−5 M with Nernstian slopes of 59–60 mV/decade concentration and a detection limit of 0.8–1.3 μg/ml are obtained. A wide range of organic anions and drag excipients do not interfere. Titration of the drugs with a standard ferroin solution using either a drag-ferroin or ferroin-TPB PVC sensor in conjunction with an Ag-AgCl reference electrode displaysS-shaped titration curves with sharp potential breaks at stoichiometric 1∶2 (ferroin:drug) reaction. Differential titration curves with well-defined peaks at the equivalence points are obtained using drug-ferroin/ferroin-TPB PVC membrane sensors. Direct potentiometry and potentiotitrimetry of warfarin and ibuprofen in various pharmaceutical preparations are presented and compared. Several advantages over the pharmacopoeial methods and other techniques in current use are offered by the proposed technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244748
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of cinnarizine in pharmaceutical preparations by spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrometry and potentiometry (1998)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 128 (1998), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: atomic absorption spectrometry ; spectrophotometry ; potentiometry ; cinnarizine ; cobalt tetrathiocyanate complex ; PVC membrane sensor ; pharmaceutical analysis ; ion-selective electrodes ; dosage forms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract New methods are developed for the determination of cinnarizine in various dosage forms. They are based on the reaction of cinnarizinium cation with cobalt tetrathiocyanate anion, whereby a sparingly soluble blue 2∶1 drug: reagent ion-pair complex is quantitatively formed. The complex is (a) extracted with nitrobenzene and spectrophotometrically measured at 622 nm; (b) extracted with nitrobenzene and nebulized in an air-acetylene flame for atomic absorption spectrometric monitoring of cobalt at 242.5 nm; and (c) dispersed in a PVC membrane plasticized with 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether and used as a sensor for direct potentiometric determination of the drug. Optimum reaction conditions and performances of the three analytical techniques are evaluated and compared. At the 25 mg level of cinnarizine, the three methods give results with equal accuracy and precision. The average recovery is 98–99% of the nominal and the mean standard deviation is 0.7%. No significant interferences are caused by drug excipients and diluents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242192
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microdetermination of chlorine and bromine in some organic compounds by ion-selective electrodes (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 266 (1973), S. 272-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Chlor und Brom in Organ. Verbindungen ; Potentiometrische Titration ; ionenselektive Elektroden
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The solid state ion-selective chloride and bromide electrodes are used for the microdetermination of chlorine and bromine in organic compounds. After combustion in an oxygen-filled flask, potentiometric titration with silver nitrate at pH 5–7 in presence of 50% dioxan is carried out. Results accurate to ±0.3% absolute are obtained with some partially and highly halogenated compounds.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Chlorid- und bromidselektive Festkörperelektroden wurden zur Chlor- und Brombestimmung in teilweise bzw. hochhalogenierten organischen Verbindungen benutzt. Nach Verbrennung im Sauerstoffkolben erfolgt eine potentiometrische Titration mit Silbernitrat bei pH 5–7 in Gegenwart von 50% Dioxan. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse sind auf ±0,3 % genau.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555967
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion-selective electrodes in organic functional group analysis: Microdetermination of the amino group using the chloride electrode (1974)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 270 (1974), S. 125-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. der Aminogruppe ; Elektroden, ionenselektive ; Chloridelektrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00434065
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential flow-injection potentiometric determination of iodide and iodine in povidone iodine pharmaceuticalsIn memory of Prof. W. Simon. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 5 (1993), S. 855-861 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Iron (II) bathophenanthroline iodide membrane ; Iodide PVC sensor ; Potentiometry ; Sequential determination of iodine and iodide ; Povidone iodine ; Pharmaceutical analysis ; Flow-injection analysis ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A potentiometric sensor-based flow-injection system for determining iodide is described. The system utilizes a flow-through sandwich cell and incorporates iron (II)-tris bathophenanthroline iodide ion pair complex as an exchange site in a PVC matrix membrane. The sensor displays a fast response for 10-1 to 10-6 M iodide ion with an anionic slope of 59.1 ± 0.3 mV/concentration decade over the pH range 1 to 11. The experimental setup offers a precise, sensitive, selective and high sample throughput technique for determining iodide and iodine over a wide range of concentration. The limit of detection is 0.5 ppm iodide in a 20 μL sample. The average recovery is 99.8%, and the mean standard deviation is 0.5%. Sequential flow-injection determination of iodide and iodine in some pharmaceutical preparations containing povidone iodine is performed by sample injection in a sodium sulfate-ascorbic acid stream and monitoring of the total iodide equivalent to I- and I2. This is followed by injection of a second sample in an alkaline resorcinol stream and measuring of the iodide equivalent to I- and 1/2 I2. Iodine and iodide concentrations are calculated from the consecutive signals. The method gives results in good agreement with those obtained by the United States Pharmacopeia.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140050921
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow injection potentiometric determination of harmine and harmaline hallucinogens (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 656-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Harmine ; Harmaline ; PVC sensors ; Hallucinogens ; Potentiometry ; Flow-injection analysis ; Harmine and harmaline tetraphenylborate and reineckate ion association complexes ; Coated disc sensors ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Flow injection analysis (FIA) systems incorporating potentiometric sensors for harmine and harmaline hallucinogens are described. The sensors are based on the use of harmine and harmaline tetraphenylborate or reineckate as electroactive compounds dispersed in plasticized PVC matrix. Laboratory-build flow-through sandwich cell equipped with silver disk coated with the sensing material is used as a detector in a low dispersion FIA system. The detector exhibits fast and linear response over the concentration range 10-2-10-6 M harmine or harmaline with a detection limit of 2 μg/mL (for 100 μL samples). Operational pH ranges from 3 to 8, sampling rate is 80 per hour and the precision is typically ±0.6%. Recovery and reproducibility data agree fairly well with those obtained by gas-liquid chromatography.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140070711
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