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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Zerebrale arteriovenöse Mißbildung ; Mikrochirurgie ; Bestrahlung ; Embolisation ; Key words Cerebral arteriovenous malformation ; Microsurgery ; Radiosurgery ; Embolization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A total of 126 patients (63 female, 63 male) underwent microsurgical removal of their cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) by the same surgeon. The mean age at surgery was 34.7 (6–72) years. The symptoms were intracerebral hemorrhage (37.3 %), seizure disorder (34.9 %) or focal neurological deficits and minor symptoms. According to the Spetzler/Martin scale, 20.6 % of the AVMs were grade I, 28.6 % grade II, 32.5 % grade III, 14.3 % grade IV and 4 % grade V. In all, 78 AVMs (61.9 %) were located in functionally important brain regions. The series was split into three different groups: small AVMs under 3 cm in diameter (n = 62/49.2 %), medium-sized AVMs (n = 58/46 %) and large AVMs (n = 6/4.8 %). Seventeen patients had preoperative embolization of their AVM. All patients had postoperative angiographic control and 3- and 6-month follow-up. One patient died (0.8 %), and another one (0.8 %), in whom the AVM was incompletely resected, suffered a secondary hemorrhage. Seventeen (27.4 %) of the patients with small AVMs developed transient neurological worsening postoperatively, which remained permanently significant in 3.2 %. The respective numbers for the patients with medium-sized AVMs were 48.3 % and 10.3 % and for the large AVMs 83.3 % and 33.3 %. The results of microsurgical removal of cerebral AVMs can still be considered superior to the results of stereotactic radiosurgical treatment available from the literature – even for small AVMs. This is due to immediate exclusion of the AVM under direct local control of the angioarchitecture and thereby a reduced risk of secondary hemorrhaging and a decreasing morbidity rate with increasing time after the operation. Radiosurgical treatment requires a 2-year latency period for obliteration and carries a mortality rate of up to 12.5 % and a rate of unexpected side effects of up to 20 %. This treatment should be reserved for small, deep, surgically inaccessible AVMs or used as part of a multimodality treatment regimen consisting of partial embolization, partial excision and consecutive radiation of the residual nidus in initially very large AVMs. Embolization therapy – such as radiosurgery – carries a significant risk of morbidity (8 %) and a mortality rate of up to 6 %. It should only be considered for AVMs that are expected to be fully obliterated afterwards, or for primary inoperable AVMs that are to be changed into operable ones by embolization. Size reduction of otherwise operable AVMs does not justify the additional risk of embolization. Close collaboration of the specialities involved is desirable.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hundertsechsundzwanzig Patienten unterzogen sich der mikrochirurgischen Entfernung ihrer zerebralen arteriovenösen Mißbildung (AVM). Symptomatisch geworden waren 37,3 % durch intrazerebrale Blutungen, 34,9 % durch epileptische Anfälle. Gemäß der Spetzler/Martin-Einteilung entsprachen 20,6 % dem Grad I, 28,6 % Grad II, 32,5 % Grad III, 14,3 % Grad IV und 4 % Grad V. Die Angiome wurden in 3 Größen eingeteilt: Kleine unter 3 cm Durchmesser (n = 62/49,2 %), mittelgroße (n = 58/46 %) und große über 6 cm (n = 6/4,8 %). Alle Patienten wurden angiographisch und klinisch nachuntersucht. Eine Patientin war postoperativ verstorben (0,8 %). Ein Patient erlitt eine Nachblutung (0,8 %). Eine transiente postoperative neurologische Verschlechterung trat bei 27,4 % der Patienten mit kleinen Angiomen auf und blieb bei 3,2 % dieser Gruppe permanent signifikant. Für das Kollektiv mit mittelgroßen Angiomen betragen diese Raten 48,3 % und 10,3 %. Im Vergleich mit der Radiochirurgie sind die Resultate der Mikrochirurgie auch für kleine Angiome besser, da sie den Vorteil einer sofortigen Angiomausschaltung bei fast 100 % der Patienten, ein damit einhergehendes minimales Nachblutungsrisiko, eine niedrige Mortalität, und eine regrediente Rate transienter Morbidität bietet. Die Radiochirurgie hat eine 2 jährige Latenz bis zur Wirkung, eine Mortalität von 0 % bis 12,5 % und Nebenwirkungsraten 0 % bis 20 %. Sie sollte kleinen, mikrochirurgisch nicht erreichbaren Angiomen vorbehalten bleiben. Die Embolisationstherapie hat eine Morbidität von 1,9 % bis 23 % und eine Mortalität von 2 % bis 11,5 %. Ihr Einsatz sollte nur bei Angiomen erwogen werden, die dadurch direkt ausgeschaltet werden, oder bei primär komplett inoperablen, die dadurch operabel werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Angiography in extra-intracranial arterial bypass ; Cerebral arterial occlusive disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifty extra-intracranial arterial anastomoses were performed in 48 patients. The importance of a precise angiographic study in the pre-and postoperative period is emphasized. The different angiographic patterns of the anastomosis, its variation in time, the possible cause of failure, and the role played by the EIAB on the cerebral blood flow are described and discussed. The problems of extension and time of the postoperative angiographic examination, are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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