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  • Beta vulgaris  (4)
  • Hydra mutant  (2)
  • In situ hybridization  (2)
  • evolutionary algorithms  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer-assisted manufacturing process optimization with neural networks (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 9 (1998), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Manufacturing process chain ; modelling ; optimization ; neural networks ; evolutionary algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Today's manufacturing methods are caught between the growing need for quality, high process safety, minimal manufacturing costs, and short manufacturing times. In order to meet these demands, process setting parameters have to be chosen in the best possible way, according to demand on quality. For such optimization it is necessary to represent the processes in a model. Due to the enormous complexity of many processes and the high number of influencing parameters, however, conventional approaches to modelling and optimization are no longer sufficient. In this article it is shown how, by means of applying neural networks for process modelling, even these highly complex interdependencies can be learned. That way both process and quality parameters can be assessed before or during processing. By connecting them with corresponding cost models, it is possible to optimize processes with the help of evolutionary algorithms. Using examples of different manufacturing processes, the possi bilities for process modelling and optimization with neural networks and evolutionary algorithms are demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008966407212
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation based on learning methods (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 9 (1998), S. 331-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Simulation ; modelling ; machine learning ; evolutionary algorithms ; artificial neural network
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The use of simulation technology as a tool for planning and control is of increasing significance in most fields of production. The main part of the expenditure concerning simulation analyses is the modelling of the considered production. Despite the use of modern building-block-oriented modelling technology, this modelling can often not be done by the user, but only by external experts. Against this backdrop, an adaptive simulation system is being developed by the Institute for Industrial Manufacturing and Management (IFF) at the University of Stuttgart. It independently adapts to real production processes, i.e. it learns about the interdependencies of production processes, and, in this way, supports the user in constructing and maintaining the model. In terms of information technology, the research in the field of artificial intelligence, especially in the subdomain of machine learning, is the basis for the realization of such adaptive systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008926825868
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of morphogenetic mutants of hydra (1977)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 183 (1977), S. 193-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Hydra mutant ; Morphogenetic substances ; Head formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A mutant ofHydra attenuata is analysed, theaberrant, which is distinct from the wild type in having a smaller head with fewer tentacles and only half the number of head-specific cells. The rate of head and foot regeneration and the doubling time are slower inaberrants than in normal hydra. The lower head-forming potential is paralleled by a reduced concentration of head-specific morphogens: compared to the wild type, in theaberrant the concentration of head activator is reduced to 70% in the head and to 50% in the body, the concentration of head inhibitor is reduced to 50% in the head and to 80% in the body. Theaberrant is more sensitive (3 times) to added head activator and less sensitive (〉5 times) to added head inhibitor than the wild type. The slower rate of foot regeneration is paralleled by a lower content of foot-specific morphogens: compared to the wild type, in theaberrant the foot activator is reduced to 40% and the foot inhibitor to 70%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867320
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of morphogenetic mutants of hydra (1977)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 183 (1977), S. 207-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Hydra mutant ; Morphogenetic substances ; Bud formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Non-budding mutants ofChlorohydra viridissima regenerate heads 6 h faster thanHydra attenuata and the number of tentacles per head is higher. The polarity in pieces from the gastric region is the more labile, the smaller the pieces are. In regenerates heads and tentacles form much more frequently than feet, giving rise to bipolar or multiheaded structures. Buds very seldom form under normal conditions, but they occasionally occur in regenerating animals with two cut surfaces. The higher head-forming potential in the mutant is paralleled by a higher head-activator concentration (20-fold in head, 4-fold in body), than inHydra attenuata, which is not accompanied by an equivalent increase in head-inhibitor concentration (1.4-fold in head, 2-fold in body). The foot-activator concentration is slightly reduced (1.3-fold), the foot-inhibitor concentration is higher (1.6-fold) than inH. attenuata. The mutant is extremely insensitive to head activator, relatively insensitive to head inhibitor and foot inhibitor, but sensitive to foot activator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867321
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution mapping of repetitive DNA by in situ hybridization: molecular and chromosomal features of prominent dispersed and discretely localized DNA families from the wild beet species Beta procumbens (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 30 (1996), S. 1099-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Beta procumbens ; Beta vulgaris ; in situ hybridization ; repetitive DNA ; satellite DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Members of three prominent DNA families of Beta procumbens have been isolated as Sau3A repeats. Two families consisting of repeats of about 158 bp and 312 bp are organized as satellite DNAs (Sau3A satellites I and II), whereas the third family with a repeat length of 202 bp is interspersed throughout the genome. Multi-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization was used for physical mapping of the DNA families, and has shown that these tandemly organized families occur in large heterochromatic and DAPI positive blocks. The Sau3A satellite I hybridized exclusively around or near the centromeres of 10, 11 or 12 chromosomes. The Sau3A satellite family I showed high intraspecific variability and high-resolution physical mapping was performed on pachytene chromosomes using differentially labelled repeats. The physical order of satellite subfamily arrays along a chromosome was visualized and provided evidence that large arrays of plant satellite repeats are not contiguous and consist of distinct subfamily domains. Re-hybridization of a heterologous rRNA probe to mitotic metaphase chromosomes revealed that the 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA genes are located at subterminal position on one chromosome pair missing repeat clusters of the Sau3A satellite family I. It is known that arrays of Sau3A satellite I repeats are tightly linked to a nematode (Heterodera schachtii) resistance gene and our results show that the gene might be located close to the centromere. Large arrays of the Sau3A satellite II were found in centromeric regions of 16 chromosomes and, in addition, a considerable interspersion of repeats over all chromosomes was observed. The family of interspersed 202 bp repeats is uniformly distributed over all chromosomes and largely excluded from the rRNA gene cluster but shows local amplification in some regions. Southern hybridization has shown that all three families are specific for genomes of the section Procumbentes of the genus Beta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019545
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical mapping of rRNA genes by fluorescent in-situ hybridization and structural analysis of 5S rRNA genes and intergenic spacer sequences in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 629-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Sugar beet ; In-situ hybridization ; rRNA genes ; Intergenic spacer ; Physical mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A digoxigenin-labelled 5S rDNA probe (pTa-794) and a rhodamine-labelled 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA probe (pTa71) were used for double-target in-situ hybridization to root-tip metaphase, prophase and interphase chromosomes of cultivated beet,Beta vulgaris L. After in-situ hybridization with the 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA probe, one major pair of sites was detected which corresponded to the secondary constriction at the end of the short arm of chromosome 1. The two rDNA chromosomes were often associated and the loci only contracted in late metaphase. In the majority of the metaphase plates analyzed, we found a single additional minor hybridization site with pTa71. One pair of 5S rRNA gene clusters was localized near the centromere on the short arm of one of the three largest chromosomes which does not carry the 18S-5.8S-25S genes. Because of the difficulties in distinguishing the very similarly-sizedB. vulgaris chromosomes in metaphase preparations, the 5S and the 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA genes can be used as markers for chromosome identification. TwoXbaI fragments (pXV1 and pXV2), comprising the 5S ribosomal RNA gene and the adjacent intergenic spacer, were isolated. The two 5S rDNA repeats were 349 bp and 351 bp long, showing considerable sequence variation in the intergenic spacer. The use of fluorescent in-situ hybridization, complemented by molecular data, for gene mapping and for integrating genetic and physical maps of beet species is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01253964
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and chromosomal organization of two repetitive DNA sequences with intercalary locations in sugar beet and other Beta species (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 696-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Satellite DNA ; Repetitive DNA ; Fluorescent in situ hybridization ; Beta vulgaris ; Dispersed repeats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In a search for repetitive DNA sequences in the sugar beet genome, two sequences with repeat unit lengths of 143 and 434 bp were isolated and characterized. The pSV family showed an unusual conservation of restriction sites reflecting homogenization of the analyzed repeats. Members of the family are organized as tandem repeats as revealed by PCR and sequencing of dimeric units. The pSV satellite occurs in large intercalary arrays which are present on all chromosome arms of sugar beet. The pSV sequence family is present in different abundance in the sections Beta, Corollinae and Nanae but is not detectable by Southern hybridization in the section Procumbentes. The pDRV family is characterized by an interspersed genomic organization. The sequence is detectable in all sections of the genus and is amplified in species of the section Beta but was also detected, although at lower abundance, in the remaining three sections. Fluorescent in situ hybridization has shown that the pDRV sequence family is dispersed over all chromosomes of the sugar beet complement with some regions of clustering and centromeric depletion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050945
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular cytogenetics of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp: the physical organization and characterization of 18s-5.8s-25s rRNA genes, 5s rRNA genes, telomere-like sequences, and a family of centromeric repetitive DNA sequences (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 928-935 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: rDNA sites ; Centromeric repetitive DNA ; Telomere ; In situ hybridization ; Southern hybridization ; Ag-NOR ; Cowpea ; Physical maps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A knowledge of genome organization is important for understanding how genomes function and evolve, and provide information likely to be useful in plant breeding programmes involving hybridization and genetic manipulation. Molecular techniques, including in situ hybridization, molecular cloning and DNA sequencing, are proving valuable tools to investigate the structure, organization, and diversity of chromosomes in agricultural crops. Heterologous labelled 18 s-5.8 s-25 s (pTa71) and 5 s rDNAs (pTa794) were used for in situ hybridization on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. chromosomes. Hybridization with 18 s-5.8 s-25 s rRNA gene probes occurred at the same chromosomal sites which were positive to the CMA fluorochrome. Silver staining of nucleolar-organizing regions indicated that all the rDNA sites detected using the 18 s-5.8 s-25 s rRNA gene probe possessed active genes. Degenerate telomeric repeats gave hybridization signals at the telomeres of most chromosomes and no intercalary sites were detected at metaphase; the sequences appear to have no preferential distribution in interphase nuclei. A repetitive DraI family from V. unguiculata was cloned (pVuKB1) and characterized. The DraI repeat is 488 nucleotides long, AT rich (74%), and hybridized on all chromosomes in the centromeric areas. The presence of this sequence family was investigated by Southern hybridization in different Vigna species and other Leguminoseae. It was only detected in V. unguiculata, and hence represents a species-specific DNA sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223902
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis and chromosomal localization of retrotransposons in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.): LINEs andTy1-copia-like elements as major components of the genome (1995)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 3 (1995), S. 335-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; in situ hybridization ; LINE ; LTR retrotransposons ; non-LTR (non-viral) retrotransposons ; Ty1-copia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA sequences of the reverse transcriptase gene of long terminal repeat (LTR) and non-LTR (non-viral) retrotransposons have been isolated and cloned from the genome of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Both retrotransposon types are highly amplified in sugar beet and may account for 2–5% of the genome. The BNR1 family, representing the first non-viral retrotransposon reported from a dicotyledonous species, shows homology to the mammalian L1 family of long interspersed repeated sequences (LINEs) and to retrotransposable elements from maize and lily. Sequences of the Tbv family are homologous to theTy1-copia class of LTR retrotransposons. The BNR1 and Tbv retrotransposon families are characterized by sequence heterogeneity and are probably defective. The deduced peptide sequences were used to investigate the relation to other retroelements from plants, insects and mammals. Fluorescencein situ hybridization was used to investigate the physical distribution and revealed that both retrotransposon families are present on all sugar beet chromosomes and largely excluded from chromosomal regions harbouring the 18S–5.8S–25S rRNA genes. The BNR1 family is organized in discrete clusters, while the Tbv family ofTy1-copia-like retrotransposons shows a more uniform distribution along chromosome arms and is absent from some chromosomal regions. These contrasting distributions emphasize the differences in evolutionary amplification and dispersion mechanisms between the two types of retrotransposons. Thein situ results of both elements reflect significant features of a higher order structure of the genome, as it is known for both short interspersed repeated sequences (SINEs) and LINEs in human.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710014
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and physical organization of highly repetitive, undermethylated DNA from Pennisetum glaucum (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 244 (1994), S. 420-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum ; Satellite DNA ; In situ hybridization ; Centromeric heterochromatin ; Methylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A HaeIIl monomer of a repetitive DNA family from Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. cv. Massue has been cloned and characterized. The repeat is 137 bp long and is organized in head-to-tail orientation in tandem arrays. The HaeIII monomer contains 55% A+T residues. The distribution of this highly repetitive sequence in different Pennisetum species and in other cereals was investigated. The HaeIII satellite is present in all Pennisetum species investigated but absent from other genera examined. In situ hybridization revealed a centromeric localization of this sequence on all seven chromosome pairs and indicated chromosome-specific differences in copy number. Methylation was investigated by comparative restriction enzyme analysis (Msp/HpaII) which showed a greater extent of methylation of the internal C of the enzyme recognition site 5′-CCGG. A South-Western analysis, using an anti-methylcytosine antibody to examine the methylation status in P. glaucum confirmed that the sequence is not highly methylated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286694
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