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  • Chemistry  (8)
  • Biliary tract  (1)
  • Key words: Gallbladder — Cholelithiasis — Laparoscopy — Surgical residents — Costs — Quality assessment  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Laparoscopic bile duct injury ; Routine intraoperative cholangiography ; Biliary tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Controversy over whether intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) should be done routinely has intensified since the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). As yet, no study has demonstrated a clear benefit to its use, although their have been suggestions in the literature that routine use may confer an advantage to detection of injuries. One-hundred seventy-seven biliary tract complications occurring secondary to LC were identified from the combined data of seven institutions. The goal of this retrospective study was to examine the impact of IOC on the occurrence, recognition, and correction of such complications. The complications identified include 39 cystic duct leaks, 69 major ductal leaks or strictures, and 69 major ductal transection or excision injuries. Whether IOC was performed was known in 157 (88%) patients with 53 patients definitely having and 104 not having an IOC. Data concerning IOC were unavailable in 20 cases. More injuries were detected intraoperatively in the group having IOC (P〈0.001). Conversion of the LC to a laparotomy, often for repair of the injury, occurred more commonly in the group having a correctly interpreted IOC (P〈0.001). Conversion resulted in detection of injuries sooner, resulting in fewer operative procedures to correct the injury (P〈0.001). A transecting injury was prevented in at least seven patients when no visualization of the proximal biliary tree was documented by IOC. These partial ductal incisions were treated by t-tube placement. Incorrect interpretation of the IOC occurred in at least eight patients, with no identification of the proximal biliary tree in six. These data suggest routine IOC may offer significant potential advantages in the detection and subsequent correction of these injuries, as well as preventing extension of partial ductal incisions to complete ductal transections. Surgeons must be able to correctly interpret the IOC. Although routine IOC is suggested, careful dissection principles continue to be most important in the prevention of major extrahepatic bile duct injuries during LC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Gallbladder — Cholelithiasis — Laparoscopy — Surgical residents — Costs — Quality assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Most of the expense of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is incurred while the patient is in the operating room (OR). Half of this operating room cost is equipment and the other half is personnel. What is an acceptable LC procedure time and how much variation is there? What are the effects of age, gender, and expertise on the mean LC procedure time? Methods: A prospective, multicenter gathering of LC procedure times and task component times was performed through the cooperative effort of members of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) at 11 hospitals. The effect of LC time of age, gender, and surgical resident was recorded. Results: The mean LC time for 359 cases was 73 ± 28 min. The percent of this LC time for the following component tasks included: to place and remove trocars, 34%; total dissection time, 40%; intraoperative cholangiogram, 15%; and removing the gallbladder, 7%. Age and gender did not change LC time, but the presence of a surgical resident prolonged LC time from 53 to 79 min due to an increase in all LC component task times. Conclusions: LC time was globally calibrated in 11 North American hospitals and was found to be affected by expertise but not by gender or age. The mean and standard deviation of LC time can be used for purposes of self-assessing quality performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 440-441 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The work presented here introduces a new variable parameter in the design of quadrupole collision cells. A brief summary of the mathematical theory is given to demonstrate how the maximum value of the parameter q may be altered. This is achieved through changing the driving function used for the rod potentials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 442-446 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A brief introduction to the mathematical theory of quadrupole systems is given and the configuration of hyperbolic and circular cross-section rods is considered. Application of the theory of electrostatics to the latter case indicates that multipole contributions to the field occur which influence the ion trajectories. We have considered motion in the x-z plane of a static quadrupole (DC-only) for the simplest case of a 1:1 combination of quadrupole and dodecapole contributions. The quadrupole contribution to ion motion is simple harmonic and may be described as a sine function, whereas the dodecapole contribution may only be obtained by solving the appropriate elliptic integral. This solution gives rise to a sine (amplitude) or sn function. In the case of collision cells (RF-only) we have attempted to solve the Mathieu equation both analytically and numerically. Both stable and unstable trajectories may be calculated from these solutions and are presented in various formats. Some consideration is also given to the problems of collisional interaction and the associated difficulties likely to be encountered when the study is expanded to include this phenomenon.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2 (1988), S. 181-183 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 215-218 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The low- mass cut-off in ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is significantly improved by employing a sawtooth driving function on the ring electrode in place of the usual sinusoidal AC potential. The theory is explained with examples involving both the ‘tickle’ and ‘boundary-effect’ MS/MS methods.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 10 (1987), S. 170-170 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 15 (1981), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 13C NMR spectra of the cyclotriphosphazenes N3P3CI6-n Phn (n=2, 3, 4, 6) and the tetrameric derivatives 2,2,6,6-N4P4CI4Ph4 and N4P4Ph8 have been recorded. The carbon chemical shifts can be largely explained on the basis of concomitant mesomeric electron release from the benzene ring and inductive electron withdrawal by phosphorus. The magnitude of 1J(P, C-1) for the non-geminal compounds is ≃40 Hz higher than that observed for the geminal compounds. Some aspects of the NMR data are also discussed with reference to the X-ray crystal structures of several phenyl-substituted cyclotri- and cyclotetra-phosphazenes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 1 (1995), S. 71-75 
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In designing for stiffness of polymer products, one of the most common questions asked by design engineers is: “What are the effects of time and temperature on the modulus values listed on the product data sheet?” This paper outlines our approach to provide answers for glass reinforced Fiberloc® vinyl composites. Static and dynamic mechanical techniques and time-temperature superposition principles were used to predict modulus as a function of both temperature and time under load. The predictions are being verified by long-term creep tests at several temperatures.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchungen an Phosphazenen. 18. Aminolyse-Reaktionen der Pentachloro (2′,2′,2′-triphenylphosphazen-1′-yl) cyclotriphosphazen, N3P3Cl5(NPPh3)Die Reaktionen des Pentachloro(2′,2′,2′-triphenylphosphazen-1′-yl)-cyclotriphosphazens, N3P3Cl5(NPPh3) mit primären und sekundären Aminen wurden in Diethylether, Methylcyan und Benzen untersucht. Die Strukturen der erhaltenen Verbindungen, N3P3Cl5-nRn(NPPh3) (n = 1, R = NHMe, NHBut, NMe2, NC5H10, NEt2; n = 2, R = NMe2, NC5H10, NEt2; n = 3, R = NMe2, NHBut; n = 5, R = NMe2) wurden mittels 1H- und 31P-NMR-Spektroskopie geklärt. Der —NPPh3-Substituent übt einen bevorzugt geminal dirigierenden Einfluß auf den Einbau sekundärer Aminonukleophile aus; Verbindungen, die eine ≡ PCl(NPPh3)-Gruppe enthalten, werden in der zweiten und den folgenden Stufen des Cl-Ersatzes nicht gebildet. Reaktionen mit primären Aminen erfolgen nach dem bekannten Muster der analogen Reaktionen des Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazens. Der Einfluß des Lösungsmittels und mögliche Reaktions-mechanismen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: The reactions of pentachloro(2′, 2′, 2′-triphenylphosphazen-1′-yl)cyclotriphosphazene, N3P3Cl5(NPPh3), with primary and secondary amines have been investigated using diethyl ether, methyl cyanid or benzene as the solvent. The structures of the products obtained, N3P3Cl5minus;nRn(NPPh3) [n = 1, R = NHMe, NHBut, NMe2, NC5H10, NEt2; n = 2, R = NMe2, NC5H10, NEt2; n = 3, R = NMe2, NHBut; n = 5, R = NMe2] are elucidated by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The —NPPh3 substituent exerts a pronounced geminal directing influence on incoming secondary amino nucleophiles; compounds containing a ≡ PCl(NPPh3) group are not formed at the bis and subsequent stages of chlorine replacement. The reactions that involve primary amines follow the pattern established for the analogous reactions of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene. The effect of solvent and possible mechanism(s) are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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