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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The wrist joint of two-toed sloths and its relevance to brachiating adaptations in the hominoidea (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 162 (1979), S. 413-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two-toed sloths have evolved a wrist complex that includes the following traits: (1) diminution and distal migration of the pisiform, with a loss of contact with the ulna; (2) reduction of the distal end of the ulna to a styloid process; and (3) extremely reduced contact between the ulna and triquetrum. These traits were proposed by Lewis ('65, '74) to be indicative of brachiating habits and to be a unique adaptation of the Hominoidea. Cartmill and Milton ('77) recently found a similar complex in the wrists of the lorisines. Very similar adaptations of the wrist among the Hominoidea, lorisines, and two-toed sloths clearly refute contentions of Lewis and strengthen the hypothesis of Cartmill and Milton that the traits common to those animals are due to similar slow, cautious, but acrobatic locomotion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051620308
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foot of two-toed sloths: Its anatomy and potential uses relative to size of support (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 170 (1981), S. 357-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Feet of two-toed sloths (Choloepus) are long, narrow, hook-like appendages with only three functional digits, numbers II, III, and IV; Rays I and V are represented by metatarsals. Proximal phalanges of complete digits are little more than proximal and distal articulating surfaces. All interphalangeal joints are restricted, by interlocking surfaces, to flexion and extension. Ankle and transverse tarsal joints, however, allow extreme flexion and inversion of foot. Powerful digital flexion is augmented by several muscles from extensor compartment of leg. Intrinsic foot musculature is reduced to flexors and extensors but these, with the exception of lumbricals, are large and well developed. Choloepus uses its feet much like hooks with distal phalanges and covering claws forming the “hook” element. These hook-like appendages are seemingly best suited for supports less than 50 mm in diameter suggesting that two-toed sloths may prefer supports of this size in their natural habitat.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051700307
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chemical modification of wool on metal ion binding Presented in part at the 166th ACS National Meeting, Chicago, Illinois August 27-31, 1973. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2367-2377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of specific functional group modification of wool on the binding of a number of metal ions (individually) from aqueous solutions was studied. The metal ion uptake profiles for the different modified keratin polymers show that a degree of specificity of binding is imparted by the various modifications in terms of changes in capacities or rates of metal ion uptakes. The changes of uptake depend on both the particular ion and the particular protein modification involved. The results show the potential usefulness of the keratin derivatives for removal of toxic and industrial metal ions from water and contribute to interpretation of metal ions interactions with native wool and proteins in general. Treatments of woven wool with aqueous solutions of certain metal salts impart flame and insect resistance to the fabric.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070180815
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous capillary GC of acids and sugars as their silyl(oxime) derivatives: Quantitation of chlorogenic acid, raffinose, and pectin substances (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 54-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Optimization of GC conditions ; Sugar analysis ; Acid analysis ; Chlorogenic acid ; Raffinose ; Pectin decomposition products ; Galacturonic acid ; Arabinose ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Our GC-MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of sugars and acids as their silyl(oxime) derivatives, from one solution by one injection, has been extended to the reproducible determination of high molecular weight compounds sensitive to decomposition yet requiring a high evaporation temperature (e.g. chlorogenic acid and rffinose) and for the quantitation of the decomposition products of pectin (i.e., for the determination of galacturonic acid at low ng levels in the presence of a 10-100 fold excess of glucose eluting just before the acid). The optimized GC procedure has been used for quantitation of the sugar and acid (including chlorogenic acid) composition of potato samples, and for the determination of the increasing amount of the decomposition products of pectin substances in apple pulp after different storage times.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochemie organischer Festkörper (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 87 (1975), S. 439-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In den Jahren seiner Tätigkeit am Weizmann Institut of Science begann G. M. J. Schmidt seine Arbeiten über die Beziehungen zwischen der Struktur organischer Kristalle und der in ihnen stattfindenden chemischen Reaktionen, ein Forschungsvorhaben, das sich in der Folge als außergewöhnlich fruchtbar erwiesen hat. So wuchs seine „Festkörper-Gruppe“ und wurde divergenter - Röntgenstrukturanalytiker, Organiker, Spektroskopiker und schließlich sogar Theoretiker wirkten mit. Professor Schmidt starb 1971. Als eines der Mitglieder dieser Gruppe folge ich nun der Einladung, über neuere Entwicklungen auf meinem Interessengebiet zu berichten.Ein Großteil der bisher untersuchten Reaktionen organischer Kristalle wird durch Licht oder andere Strahlung induziert. Dies ist eine natürliche Folge davon, daß Strahlung, ungleich den meisten chemischen Reaktanden, leicht die Oberfläche des Kristalls durchdringen und so die zu aktivierenden Orte erreichen kann. In diesem Beitrag sollen einige der in der Photochemie organischer Kristalle wirksamen Prinzipien aufgezeigt und anhand von Beispielen verdeutlicht werden, wobei nicht beabsichtigt ist, alle bisher untersuchten unterschiedlichen Reaktionstypen und Systeme zu erfassen.Es ist geboten, hier in Anerkennung auch eines anderen großen Wissenschaftlers zu gedenken, der vor kurzer Zeit verschied - Theodor Förster. Manche der Ideen, auf die ich im folgenden eingehe, wurzeln, wie so vieles in der jüngsten Entwicklung der Photochemie, in Professor Försters früheren Arbeiten.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19750871204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hand of two -toed sloths (Choloepus): Its anatomy and potential uses relative to size of support (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 169 (1981), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Hands of two-toed sloths (Choloepus) are long, narrow, hook-like apparatuses with only two functional digits (II and III); rays I and IV are represented only by metacarpals. The proximal phalanges of digits II and III are shortened to essentially proximal and distal articulating surfaces, and all but distal interphalangeal joints of these digits are restricted by interlocking surfaces to minimal ranges of flexion and extension. Several intercarpal joints and the wrist joint, however, allow wide ranges of movement in several axes. Wide excursion at the wrist is permitted by an extremely lax joint capsule, the manner of insertion of several prime movers of the carpus, and the reduced participation of the ulna in the wrist joint. Several extrinsic digital muscles, particularly extensors, are absent and others have unusual actions. Intrinsic musculature consists primarily of mm. interossei and m. extensor digitorum brevis, although other, inconstant muscles do occur. Hands of Choloepus are used as flexible hooks on supports less than 52 mm in diameter and as fixed grapnels on larger supports. In both cases, distal phalanges (and covering claws) form the “hook” element. Whereas bare volar pads seem to be adjunctive on supports smaller than 52 mm in diameter, they are essential on those larger than 65 mm. Two-toed sloths may prefer supports 50 mm in diameter or smaller. The potential importance of vines as supports is discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051690102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption behavior of mercuric salts on chemically modified wools and polyamino acidsPresented at the 164th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, August 27th to September 1, 1972, New York, N. Y. (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 2183-2190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Wool derivatives with sulfhydryl, thiosulfate, imidazole, pyrrolidone, or pyridine side chains were prepared and tested as potential scavengers for mercury salts in aqueous solution. More mercury is bound by these derivatives than by native wool or by certain commercial ion exchange resins under similar conditions. The presence of chloride ion, but not sulfate ion, in aqueous media decreased the extent of binding of mercuric chloride to both native and modified wools. The relative binding of mercuric chloride by various poly(amino acids) suggest that mercury is taken up by proteins by processes other than (or in addition to) specific combination with free functional groups. Two possibilities are suggested: the protein may act as a solid solvent for the mercurial, or the mercurial may form aggregated deposits within the protein after the specific binding sites have been occupied. These studies are intended to elucidate factors that govern mercury interaction with wool and other proteins and to develop improved scavengers for toxic metals.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170717
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding of metal cations by natural substances (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 675-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The binding of mercuric chloride and other metal salts to bark, activated sludge (Milorganite), chitosan, poly(p-aminostyrene), and other natural and synthetic materials was investigated by specific atomic absorption and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The synthetic poly(aminostyrene) was included for comparison with the natural polyamine chitosan. Our results show that a wide range of natural materials are potentially useful for the removal of toxic and precious metals that may be present in industrial effluents, mine waters, or other water supply. Such metal salts include those of mercury, lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, silver, platinum, palladium, and gold.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070180305
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption behavior of mercuric and methylmercuric salts on wool (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 377-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sorption by wool of mercuric nitrate, mercuric chloride, and methylmercuric chloride was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Both inorganic mercury compounds are efficiently taken up at low concentrations from acid solution. The rate of binding from the nitrate is appreciably slower than from the chloride. Methylmercuric chloride is bound slowly at low pH, rapidly at pH 6. The extent of its binding is roughly 10% to 20% of that of the inorganic salts. The wool-bound mercury can be recovered by serial extraction with aqueous citrate or ethylenediaminetetraacetate at pH 6. The residual, firmly bound mercury is roughly equivalent to the sulfhydryl sulfur. Sorption of inorganic mercury compounds at low pH roughly follows a Freundlich isotherm in the concentration range 5×10-6 to 10-1M. Sorption of methylmercurie chloride at pH 6 follows a roughly parallel isotherm in the range 5×10-6 to 10-3M. These data suggest the potential value of wool and other animal keratins to remove and recover mercury from contaminated water. Wool may also serve as an instructive model for mercury binding and release in the body.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170205
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    True cholinesterases with pronounced resistance to eserine (1946)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 27 (1946), S. 69-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030270202
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