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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 33 (2000), S. 408-415 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tibolon ; Östrogene ; Hormonsubstitution ; Brustkrebsrisiko ; Koronare Herzkrankheit ; Keywords Tibolone ; Estrogens ; Hormone replacement therapy ; Breast cancer risk ; Cardiovascular disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Tibolone is a synthetic steroid hormone with various tissue-specific estrogenic, progestogenic, and androgenic effects. Symptoms of menopause are treated effectively by both tibolone and estrogens and even better by tibolone with respect to mood and libido. Vaginal dryness is relieved due to its estrogenic effect on the vaginal mucosa. Endometrium and myometrium are not stimulated by tibolone. No cyclic bleeding occurs and the incidence of bleeding disorders is markedly reduced as compared to estrogens. In breast cancer cells endogenous estrogen production in vitro is dramatically decreased by low concentrations of tibolone, and in animals growth of experimental breast carcinomas is markedly inhibited by tibolone, comparable to the effect of antiestrogens. Clinically, the incidence of breast tenderness is reduced and, compared to estrogens, there is a marked decrease in breast density on mammogrphy. Bone preservation can be achieved with tibolone as effectively as with estrogens. Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglicerides, and lipoprotein as risk factors for cardiovascular disease are decreased by tibolone, whereas levels of HDL cholesterol are increased. In animals, the formation of arteriosclerotic plaques can be significantly reduced by tibolone. No definite conclusions can currently be drawn concerning the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. In summary, the clinical profile of tibolone for postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy seems to be close to “ideal”. Estrogen effects on complaints related to menopause, vagina, and bone are achieved equally effectively. Proliferation of endometrial and myometrial tissue can be avoided. Cyclic bleeding does not occur and bleeding disorders are significantly reduced. If prospective trials can demonstrate a protective effect concerning breast cancer and cardiovascular disease, tibolone will be a highly attractive alternative to estrogens. However, currently estrogen replacement therapy (including progestins) is the “gold standard” of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Tibolon ist ein synthetisches Steroidhormon mit gewebespezifisch unterschiedlicher östrogener, gestagener sowie androgener Partialwirkung. Klimakterische Beschwerden werden ebenso effektiv durch Tibolon wie durch Östrogene reduziert. Hinsichtlich Stimmungslage und Libido scheint es den Östrogenen sogar überlegen. Die Vaginalmukosa wird durch Tibolon östrogenisiert. Endometrium und Myometrium werden durch Tibolon nicht stimuliert. Es kommt nicht zum Auftreten zyklischer Blutungen. Blutungsstörungen sind im Vergleich zu Östrogenen deutlich seltener. Experimentelle Daten aus Zellkulturen und Tierversuchen weisen auf einen antiöstrogenen Effekt an Mammakarzinomzellen mit Reduktion der endogenen Östrogenproduktion hin. Klinisch tritt Brustspannen deutlich seltener als unter Östrogenen auf; die mammographische Dichte der Brust ist ebenfalls im Vergleich zur Östrogensubstitution deutlich geringer. Die Knochensubstanz wird durch Tibolon ebenso effektiv wie durch Östrogene erhalten. Zahlreiche Risikoparameter für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen werden durch Tibolon günstig beeinflusst. Das HDL-Cholesterin steigt jedoch an. Tierversuche zeigen eine deutliche Reduktion arteriosklerotischer Plaques. Eine definitive Aussage bezüglich Reduktion kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen beim Menschen ist derzeit noch nicht möglich. Zusammenfassend weist das klinische Profil von Tibolon in Bezug auf die fehlende endometriale Stimulation mit Reduktion von Blutungsstörungen, seltenerem Brustspannen und den Hinweisen auf Hemmung der Proliferation von Mammakarzinomzellen Vorteile gegenüber dem der Östrogensubstitution auf. Gleichzeitig ist der Effekt auf klimakterische Beschwerden, Schleimhäute und Knochenstoffwechsel dem der Östrogene äquivalent. Sollten prospektive Studien einen protektiven Effekt bezüglich Mammakarzinom und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen belegen ist Tibolon eine hochinteressante Alternative zu den Östrogenen in der postmenopausalen Hormonsubstitution. Derzeit stellt die Östrogensubstitution (Gestagensubstitution) jedoch den “golden standard” dar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Granulocytes ; neuroblastoma ; ADCC ; cell killing ; chemiluminescence ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We investigated whether polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are able to kill human neuroblastoma cells either directly or if coated with antibody MAb 14.18 that recognizes ganglioside GD2 present on the cell surface of most neuroblastoma cells. Neuroblastoma cells could not be destroyed directly, whereas in the antibody-dependent reaction (ADCC-reaction) they were easily eliminated. In order to answer the question whether reactive oxygen intermediates are involved in this process, chemiluminescence measurements were performed. Compared to the signals that could be measured using opsonized zymosan as stimulus, only weak CL-signals could be registered during the ADCC reaction. Pretreatment of PMN with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhanced the CL-signals, catalase and SOD reduced it; however, cell killing was only slightly influenced in the presence of catalase and superoxide dismutase. These data suggested that reactive oxygen compounds do not play a prominent role in the killing process. Definitive evidence for this suggestion could be obtained using PMN from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD): MAb 14.18 coated neuroblastoma cells could be killed effectively, but no CL-signal could be registered, either in the ADCC-reaction or using opsonized zymosan as stimulus.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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