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  • Organic Chemistry  (62)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (33)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (6)
  • Urinary tract infection  (4)
  • Neuropathy  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the early changes in acute isoniazid neuropathy in the rat (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 47 (1979), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Isoniazid ; Neuropathy ; Intoxication ; Dying back ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Large single doses of isoniazid by mouth (1–2 g/kg) have been shown to produce in rats Wallerian degeneration visible with the light microscope from the third day onwards. By contrast, changes in axons are seen from 24 h onwards by electron microscopy. The earliest ultrastructural changes are associated with vacuoles appearing between axon and Schwann cells. These are large and focal, and often compress the axon. The adjacent axon may show changes in smooth ER, and in microtubular arrangement. Alterations in smooth membranes and in mitochondria are visible in Schwann cell cytoplasm, not necessarily related to the vacuole formation and axonal features. It is suggested that INH neuropathy is essentially a multifocal axonal lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00717029
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A morphological study of nerve biopsies from cases of multibacillary leprosy given multidrug therapy (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1993), S. 533-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Leprosy ; Neuropathy ; Nerve regeneration ; Demyelination ; Schwann cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve biopsies were examined from 17 cases of lepromatous leprosy given WHO-recommended multidrug therapy (MDT) for 2 years. The pathological changes were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively to judge the effectiveness of MTD〉 The nerves varied very considerably in the severity of their lesions. Some regenerating fibres were seen in most of the nerves. In a few cases, the nerves were almost entirely populated by regenerated fibres, confirming that MTD was effective in halting the disease process within the nerve. Mycobacterium leprae showed morphological features of degenerate bacilli. Some pathological features of the lepromatous lesion are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230494
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of degenerative changes in INH neuropathy (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Isoniazid ; Neuropathy ; Intoxication ; Axonal degeneration ; Ultrasfructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were given isoniazid either in a single large dose or continuously in drinking water and killed 5–105 days later. The distribution of degenerating fibres in various nerves (sensory and mixed) and in various sites along nerves and spinal roots was studied by light and electron microscopy. It was found that sensory nerves tended to be less affected than motor, and degeneration was more proximal in the latter. It was concluded that the pattern of degeneration and regeneration supported the view that the initial metabolic lesion is in the axon, rather than in the cell body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691784
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prophylactic co-trimoxazole and trimethoprim in the management of urinary tract infection in children (1988)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 2 (1988), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Urinary tract infection ; Co-trimoxazole ; Trimethoprim ; Vesico-ureteric reflux ; Low-dose prophylaxis ; Recurrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a prospective study of low-dose antibacterial prophylaxis of childhood urinary tract infection (UTI), co-trimoxazole and trimethoprim (TMP) have been compared for efficacy in preventing UTI, for their effect on the rectal flora and for secular selection of TMP-resistant organisms. Between 1979 and 1986, 334 children who had proven infection of an unobstructed urinary tract complied in a regimen of low-dose prophylaxis together with measures to eliminate residual urine for at least 6 months. Of these children, 167 had vesico-ureteric reflux and 27 had renal scarring. There was no difference between the two drugs in compliance, which was very good, or in the occurrence of side-effects, which were minimal. Recurrence rates of further infection were 1 per 22 child years for the 226 children receiving cotrimoxazole and 1 per 18 child years for the 108 receiving TMP. All but one of these urinary pathogens were resistant to TMP and reinfection of the urinary tract generally occurred following lapses in attention to complete bladder emptying. Neither a secular increase in recurrent infections during this period, nor a significant change in the proportions of TMP-resistant faecal coliform organisms, was observed. TMP and co-trimoxazole appeared to be equally effective prophylactic agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00870372
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential excretion of urinary proteins in children with vesicoureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy (1994)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 8 (1994), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Retinol-binding protein ; N-Acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase ; Albuminuria ; Vesicoureteric reflux ; Reflux nephropathy ; Urinary tract infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied 40 children with a history of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) without evidence of renal scarring, 93 children with a history of VUR and renal scarring and 10 children with previous urinary tract infections in whom the urinary tract was radiologically normal. Urine retinol-binding protein (RBP), albumin andN-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured in each child. All were free from infection at the time of the analysis. Urinary RBP and NAG levels were significantly elevated (P〈0.001) in the group of children with renal scarring. Elevated RBP levels were detected in 51% of children with bilateral renal scarring compared with 7% of children with unilateral scarring. Urine RBP excretion increased progressively according to the type of scarring, best determined by the type of scarring of the less affected kidney. In children with renal scarring, elevated NAG levels were seen mostly in the 65 children with bilateral scarring and severe reflux. Urine albumin excretion was elevated in 10 children, 9 with bilateral scarring, all of whom had elevated RBP excretion. Urine protein excretion was unaffected by the presence or absence of persisting VUR. There was a strong negative correlation between glomerular filtration rate and RBP excretion (r=−0.69). We conclude that evidence of tubular dysfunction is common in children with bilateral renal scarring and usually precedes any glomerular protein leak. Tubular dysfunction may be the consequence of relative nephron hyperperfusion in the presence of bilateral scarring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00868252
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The intravenous urogram in the detection and evaluation of renal damage following urinary tract infection (1995)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 9 (1995), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Intravenous urogram ; Renal scarring ; Reflux nephropathy ; Urinary tract infection ; Dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigram ; Vesico-ureteric reflux
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intravenous urography (IVU) still provides the most comprehensive structural assessment of the urinary tract. In particular, the radiological renal appearances approximate closely to the morphology of the renal scarring of reflux nephropathy or chronic atrophic pyelonephritis. It also provides reproducible renal measurements for followup assessment of renal growth and scarring. It is now less often used for first-line investigation of the acute urinary tract infection (UTI) because the swelling accompanying acute renal involvement is less eacognised than the areas of defective function demonstrated on99mtechnetiumdimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) studies. Also IVU contributes a higher radiation dose when calculated for full IVU (dependent on the number of films exposed) and there is a slight risk of side effects from injected contrast media, reduced by using non-ionic compounds. Because of its value in confirming such a serious diagnosis as renal scarring, suspected on ultrasonography or DMSA scintigraphy, modification of the technique of IVU with adequate preparation and the use of a reduced number of films, or single films localised to the renal areas, should be considered. Expertise in the interpretation of IVU must also be maintained because of the ancillary information regarding bowel and bladder function, the spine and evidence of stones, pertinent to the management of children with UTI and renal scarring. IVU and DMSA study remain complementary investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00860753
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Five-year study of medical or surgical treatment in children with severe reflux: radiological renal findings (1992)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 6 (1992), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Vesico-ureteric reflux ; Renal scarring ; Urinary tract infection ; Thinning of renal parenchyma ; Intravenous urography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The renal findings on intravenous urography (IVU) are reported in 306 children (73 boys, 233 girls) from eight European centres entered into an international study comparing medical and surgical management of children with urinary tract infection and severe vesico-ureteric reflux followed for 5 years. One hundred and fifty-five children were randomly allocated to medical and 151 to surgical treatment. Protocol and investigative techniques were standardised and randomisation, data collection and analysis were performed centrally in Essen, Germany. At entry 149 (49%) has established renal scarring (79 medical, 70 surgical). Children with normal kidneys (105), areas of thinned parenchyma (52) and grade of reflux were also evenly distributed. IVU was repeated at 6, 18 and 54 months and serial urine culture,99mtechnetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid scans and plasma creatinine estimations were performed. Two hundred and seventy-two children (89%) completed this follow-up. In 174 children (57%), (90 medical, 84 surgical) there was renal growth without morphological change. New renal scars developed in 19 children treated medically and 20 surgically; 12 (5 medical, 7 surgical) developed in previously normal kidneys. Six followed post-operative obstruction. No significant difference in outcome was found between medical or surgical management in terms of the development of new renal lesions or the progression of established renal scars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878353
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nouveaux types de sucres acétyléniques. Communication préliminaireUne communication plus détaillée paraîtra ultérieurement. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 892-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel types of acetylenic sugarsThe coupling, following Cadiot's procedure, of a 6-bromo-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidène-3-O-methyl-α-D-xylo-hex-5-yno-1, 4-furanose (1) with phenylacetylene, 2-propyn-1-ol or terminal acetylenic sugars gave with excellent yields the expected diynes (an enediyne when the terminal acetylene was the 3,5, 6-trideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glycero-hex-3-en-5-yno-1,4-furanose 7). The chloro analogue 8 of 1 on treatment with lithium thiophenate gave the corresponding phenylthio-acetylenic sugar 9. An acetylene was also formed by reacting the gem-difluoro-olefinic sugar 10 with butyllithium whereas the same olefinic sugar and its 3-O-benzyl analogue 11 gave only a gem-fluoro-arylthio-olefinic sugar (13-15) as a mixture of the Z and E isomers (Z/E 〉 4) when treated with the conjugate base of an arylmercaptan.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19770600319
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nouveaux exemples de radicaux libres stables de dérivés hétérocycliques de sucresDérivés C-glycosyliques XXXIV. Pour la 33c communication v. [1].. Communication préliminaireUne communication plus détaillée paraîtra ultérieurement. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 888-891 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some more examples of stable free radicals of carbohydrate heterocyclic derivatives2-Glycosyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline- 3-oxide-1-oxyls and 2-glycosyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline 1-oxyls have been prepared in nine carbohydrate series, which proves the generality of the method. The hyperfine coupling constant between the free electron and the α-proton of the glycosyl group is never very large (0-2.3 G) but a correlation between its value and the structure of the aglycone has been noted. Free radicals of that type, stable in aqueous solutions, are potentially interesting for biological studies.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19770600318
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-nucleosides aminoisoxazoliquesDérivés C-glyosyliques XXXVI. La réf. [1] constitute la 35e communication de cette série.. Communication préliminaireUne communication plus détaillée paraîtra ultérieurement. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 833-837 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aminoisoxazoles C-nucleosidesUpon treatment with bromocyanomethylenetriphenylphosphorane, a series of aldehydosugar derivatives gave in good to excellent yields the corresponding terminal gem-bromocyanoenoses 3, 7-10 and 16. Reacted with hydroxylamine, these unsaturated sugars led to the expected [3] 5-amino-3-glycosylisoxazoles 4, 11, 12 and 17, whereas using hydroxyurea as a binucleophile they gave the corresponding 3-amino-5-glycosylisoxazoles 13 and 14 as previously described in other series [3]. The major interest of these compounds rests in their being close analogs (or enantiomers of analogs) of important biological compounds as f.e. AICAR.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19790620320
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