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  • Chemical Engineering  (8)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (4)
  • tritium production  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear design and analysis of a magnetic fusion production reactor (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 5 (1986), S. 317-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: magnetic fusion production reactor ; tritium production ; fusion breeder ; nuclear analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Tandem-mirror- and tokamak-based magnetic fusion production reactors are predicted to have tritium breeding ratios of 1.67 and 1.49, respectively. The latter value replaces one (1.56) that is used elsewhere in the sequence of papers in this issue. Blanket energy multiplication for both is predicted to be about 1.3. With the tandem mirror operating in the plutonium production mode, the net plutonium-plus-tritiurn breeding ratio is 1.74. Blanket energy multiplication for the plutonium mode is predicted to be 2.4 at a plutonium-uranium ratio of 0.7% and a uranium volume fraction of 3%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051017
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Economic analysis of a magnetic fusion production reactor (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 6 (1987), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: magnetic fusion production reactor ; tritium production ; fusion breeder ; economic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The magnetic fusion reactor for the production of nuclear weapon materials, based on a tandem mirror design, is estimated to have a capital cost of $1.5 billion and to produce 10 kg of tritium/year for $22,000/g or 940 kg/year of plutonium in the plutonium mode for $250/g plus heavy metal processing. A tokamak-based design is estimated to cost $1.5 billion and to produce 10 kg of tritium/year for $29 thousand/g. For comparison, a commercially sized tandern mirror fusion breeder selling excess electricity and fissile material to commercial markets is estimated to cost $3.6 billion and to produce tritium for $2.6 thousand/g and plutonium for $34/g plus heavy metal processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053331
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tritium breeding analysis of a tokamak magnetic fusion production reactor (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 8 (1989), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: Tokamak ; fusion ; tritium production ; neutronics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract With three-dimensional modeling and neutron transport analysis, a tokamak with a low technology blanket containing beryllium was found to have a tritium breeding ratio of 1.54 tritons per DT neutron. Such a device would have a net tritium production capability of 9.1 kg/yr from 450 MW of fusion power at 70% capacity factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050782
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol fermentation with cell recycling: Computer simulation (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 497-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model for glucose-to-ethanol fermentation at high yeast cell concentrations was developed. The feasibility of improving fermenter productivity over that of a conventional continuous-stirred-tank fermenter by using multiple stage reactors and yeast cell recycling was predicted by computer simulation. The optimum size distribution for multistage fermentors was obtained for different glucose feedstream concentrations and different glucose conversion levels. Productivity increases over a single-stage reactor ranged from 1.2-2.0 times. The use of yeast cell recycling to increase cell concentration and productivity increases of over 4.0 times that of a system without recycling.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250215
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioconversion of waste cellulose by using an attrition bioreactor (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 53-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new type of reactor, an attrition bioreactor, was tested to achieve a higher rate and extent of enzymatic saccharification of cellulose than is possible with conventional methods. The reactor consisted of a jacketted stainless-steel vessel with shaft, stirrer, and milling media, which combined the effect of the mechanical action of wet milling with cellulose hydrolysis. The substrates tested were newsprint and white-pine heartwood. The performance of the reactor was excellent. The extent and rate of enzymatic hydrolysis could be markedly improved over other methods. The power consumption of the attrition bioreactor was also measured. The cellulase enzyme deactivation during attrition milling was not significant.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starch using Zymomonas mobilis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 659-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A continuous process involving simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of liquefied starch has been developed using Zymomonas mobilis. Amyloglucosidase retention and cell recycle have been effected by using an Amicon hollow-fiber membrane system with a MW cutoff of 5000. Relatively high productivities of up to 60 g L-1 h-1 have been achieved at ethanol concentrations of 60-65 g/L. The system also offers the potential for reduced enzyme requirements for saccharification.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collection efficiency model based on boundary-layer characteristics for cyclones (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 2446-2455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In cyclones, the boundary layer formed on the collecting-wall surface acts as a barrier for particle migration toward the wall due to a decreased centrifugal force on particles inside the boundary layer. A new theory for high-efficiency cyclones based on the boundary-layer characteristics is presented. The cyclone was divided into two regions: the turbulent-core region where the centrifugal force is large, and the near-wall region where the centrifugal force is small. Particle trajectories in the turbulent-core region are calculated from the mean fluid motion based on the quasi-steady drag assumption, and the collection probability of particles in the near-wall region is calculated by the deposition velocity that results from both turbulent diffusion and centrifugal force. The deposition velocity by centrifugal force was assumed equal to the equilibrium migration velocity at a certain point inside the boundary layer, and the distance to that point from the wall is assumed to be linearly proportional to the dimensionless-particle relaxation time. When the proportional constant was determined by fitting the theoretical results to experimental data, the theory showed an excellent enhancement in predicting the variation of collection efficiency with the inlet flow velocity and particle size.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690431008
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracer diffusion measurement in polymer solutions near the glass transition by forced rayleigh scattering (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 573-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Forced Rayleigh scattering, a relatively recently developed optical technique, is used to measure tracer diffusion coefficients in polymer-solvent mixtures near the system glass transition temperature, Tg. The technique has a wider range of potential application than has yet been realized, and so is presented in some detail. The objectives were to obtain data necessary to scrutinize free volume theory, and to understand so-called anomalous, non-Fickian diffusion effects observed by others in polymer-solvent mixtures near Tg. Data on dye tracer diffusion coefficients in the systems polyvinyl acetate-toluene, polystyrene-toluene, and polystyrene-tri-m-tolyl phosphate were obtained over a polymer concentration range from infinite dilution to 96 wt. %. Small molecule diffusion coefficients are seen to vary by as much as nine orders of magnitude (10-14 to 10-5 cm2/s) over this concentration range. The data are in reasonable accord with expectations based on the Duda-Vrentas version of free-volume theory.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330406
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoflow multiplicity in a packed-bed reactor. II: Impact of volume change (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Steady states with different flow rates and temperature profiles may exist in a monolith or multitube packed-bed reactor operating under a prescribed pressure drop, due to the coupling among the species, energy, and momentum balances, and the change of physical properties with temperature and pressure. Criteria are derived predicting the conditions under which thermoflow multiplicity can occur for a gaseous reaction involving a change in the number of moles. In general, a reaction-induced volume increase enables thermoflow multiplicity to occur for reactions with a lower adiabatic temperature rise. A surprising finding is that thermoflow multiplicity may be found for an isothermal reaction involving a volume decrease. This point emphasizes the difference in the feedback mechanism leading to thermoflow and thermokinetic multiplicity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoflow multiplicity in a packed-bed reactor Part I: Adiabatic case (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 1136-1154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Steady states with different flow rates and temperature profiles may exist in a packed-bed reactor operating under a prescribed pressure drop, due to the coupling among the species, energy, and momentum balances and the change of the physical properties with temperature and pressure. This thermoflow multiplicity may be found even for reactions whose rate is rather insensitive to temperature changes (low activation energy) and may lead to highly undesirable operation of multitube packed-bed reactors. A hierarchy of models based on different assumptions is used to derive criteria for predicting the conditions under which this thermoflow multiplicity may occur.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330709
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