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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (4)
  • Chloro-aromatics oxidation  (1)
  • Physico-chemical effects  (1)
  • bioreactor  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of environmental factors on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation by Pseudomonas cepacia isolated from peat (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 154 (1990), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ; Biodegradation ; Pseudomonas cepacia ; Chloro-aromatics oxidation ; Physico-chemical effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A Pseudomonas cepacia, designated strain BRI6001, was isolated from peat by enrichment culture using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as the sole carbon source. BRI6001 grew at up to 13 mM 2,4-D, and degraded 1 mM 2,4-D at an average starting population density as low as 1.5 cells/ml. Degradation was optimal at acidic pH, but could also be inhibited at low pH, associated with chloride release from the substrate, and the limited buffering capacity of the growth medium. The only metabolite detected during growth on 2,4-D was 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), and degradation of the aromatic nucleus was by intradiol cleavage. Growth lag times prior to the on-set of degradation, and the total time required for degradation, were linearly related to the starting population density and the initial 2,4-D concentration. BRI6001, grown on 2,4-D, oxidized a variety of structurally similar chlorinated aromatic compounds accompanied by stoichiometric chloride release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276525
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biogas production from anaerobic digestion of Spirulina maxima algal biomass (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1919-1924 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240822
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detailed study of anaerobic digestion of Spirulina maxima algal biomass (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1014-1023 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biomass of the blue-green alga Spirulina maxima was converted to methane using continuous stirred tank digesters with an energy conversion efficiency of 59%. Digesters were operated using once-a-day feeding with a retention time (θ) between 5 and 40 days, volatile solid concentrations (Sto) between 20 and 100 kg VS/m3, and temperatures between 15 and 52°C. The results indicated a maximum methane yield of 0.35 m3 (STP)/kg VS added at θ 30 days and Sto 20 kg VS/m3. Under such conditions, the energy conversion of the algal biomass to methane was 59%. The maximum methane production rate of 0.80 m3 (STP)/m3 day was obtained with θ= 20 days and S = 100 kg VS/m3. The mesophilic condition at 35°C produced the maximum methane yield and production rate. The process was stable and characterized by a high production of volatile acids (up to 23, 200 mg/L), alkalinity (up to 20, 000 mg/L), and ammonia (up to 7000 mg/L), and the high protein content of the biomass produced a well buffered environment which reduced inhibitory effects. At higher loading rates, the inhibition of methanogenic bacteria was observed, but there was no clear-cut evidence that such a phenomenon was due to nonionized volatile acids or gaseous ammonia. The kinetic analysis using the model proposed by Chen and Hashimoto indicated that the minimum retention time was seven days. The optimum retention time increased gradually from 11 to 16 days with an increase in the initial volatile solid concentration. The kinetic constant K decreased with the improvement in the digester performance and increased in parallel with the ammonia concentration in the culture media.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280712
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing characteristics and startup of anaerobic downflow stationary fixed film (DSFF) reactorsIssued as NRCC No. 23807. (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 10-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Tests to determine the mixing characteristics of the anaerobic downflow stationary fixed film (DSFF) reactor during startup showed that mixing characteristics affected performance. Different mixing profiles were obtained by keeping the same flow distribution system and by varying the number of clay channels (1, 4, and 25) in the DSFF reactors (2-32 L). Results with a clean bed reactor indicated a plug flow pattern with a relatively large extent of dispersion. Recirculation dramatically improved the mixing and the residence time distribution (RTD) changed to that of the completely mixed type. Multiple-channel reactors exhibited a dead space of ca. 12% of the total volume, likely a result of a less than optimally designed flow distributor. A startup period of 90 days was necessary to achieve a maximum loading rate of between 10 and 15 kg COD/m3 day, a volumetric methane production rate of up to 3 m3 (STP)/m3 day and a COD reduction efficiency of up to 90%. For the first 50 days of operation, the difference in achievable volumetric loading rate and volumetric methane production rate was only related to the surface-to-volume ratio of the reactors and was not affected by the number of channels present. After 90 days, the bacterial growth on the support material was sufficient to dramatically increase the amount of dead space in the reactors, especially in multiple-channel reactors (up to 55% of their volume). As a result, the performance of these reactors deteriorated and overloading characteristics were observed. Other results showed that biogas production alone was not sufficient to improve reactor mixing and that little or no shortcircuiting or channelling occurred. Furthermore, the nonmethanogenic bacterial activity in the liquid phase was not affected by the degree of mixing but acetoclastic methanogenic and hydrogenophilic methanogenic activity in the liquid phase were reduced as the fluid flow pattern in the reactor improved.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270103
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil immobilization: New concept for biotreatment of soil contaminants (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 57 (1998), S. 471-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: soil immobilization ; soil pollutants ; bioremediation ; bioreactor ; biofilm ; pentachlorophenol ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new concept for the development of microbial consortia for the degradation of persistent soil pollutants and for pollutant treatment is proposed. The concept defined as “soil immobilization” is based on the entrapment of soil particles, showing microbial activity in degrading the target pollutant, into a solid membrane with a large pore size distribution. The particular hydrodynamic and mass transfer properties of this system result in a very efficient process. A new type of bioreactor is proposed for carrying out the immobilized soil process. The performance of the system was tested by developing a microbial system for the mineralization of pentachlorophenol (PCP). The results show that the volumetric efficiency of the process for PCP mineralization in the immobilized soil bioreactor is 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than reported literature values. Chlorine and carbon atoms of PCP are both nearly completely (99%) mineralized. ©1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 57: 471-476, 1998.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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