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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Embryo sac ; Zea mays ; Enzymatic isolation ; Zygotic embryogenesis ; Microinjection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The long-term viability of isolated embryo sacs was studied in maize. Fertilised embryo sacs were digested in order to remove most of the nucellus cells present on their surfaces and then transferred to culture. Experiments on 161 embryo sacs showed that isolation treatments using even minimal enzymatic digestion affected the further development of the embryo sacs. Few embryo sacs survived in culture and those produced only abnormal embryos; they produced no plants. We concluded that embryo sacs isolated through enzymatic digestion may offer limited prospects for long-term studies where normal embryogenic development is required. Alternative strategies are discussed for maize.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; Embryo sac ; Microinjection ; Micromanipulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The position of the embryo sac in the spikelet and of the embryo sac's constituent cells within the sporophytic tissues of Zea mays was localized by scanning electron microscopy, serial thick sectioning, and computer three-dimensional reconstruction. Within certain limits, the embryo sac is consistently oriented in the same position inside of the spikelet. This information is a prerequisite for successful microinjections into the in situ female cells of Zea mays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Fertilization ; Pollen tube ; Embryo sac ; Gametes ; Angiosperms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Since its discovery at the end of the last century, double fertilization remains of central interest in plant reproductive biology research. Although the sequence of events leading to fertilization is well known from cytological studies, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This now seems feasible by the diversification and refinement of recently developed technologies presented in this review. The progress made during the last five years in understanding pollen tube guidance, discharge into the embryo sac, and gametic fusion are described. Future directions are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: SacY ; antiterminator ; RNA-binding motif ; crystallization ; x-ray crystallography ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SacY is the antiterminator protein involved in the induction by sucrose of the expression of the levansucrase gene (sacB) of Bacillus subtilis. In the presence of sucrose, SacY is activated and prevents premature termination of transcription by binding to a RNA-antiterminator (RAT) sequence partially overlapping with the terminator sequence. SacY consists of a RNA-binding N-terminal domain, SacY(1-55), and a regulatory domain, SacY(56-280), sensitive to the sucrose concentration. SacY(1-55) is in itself capable of binding to the RAT sequence and preventing termination independently of the sucrose concentration. In this paper we describe the overexpression, the purification, and the crystallization of SacY(1-55). We obtained six different crystal forms, some of them diffracting to high resolution (〉1.5 Å). Self rotation function calculations indicated the presence of a dimer in the asymmetric unit, which is in agreement with a proposed oligomeric state in solution as observed by high-resolution NMR measurements. The crystallization of some site-directed cysteine mutants opens the way of solving the structure by multiple isomorphous replacement. Proteins 28:590-594, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: overproduction ; crystallography ; X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase ; PepX ; Lactococcus lactis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase PepX, a serine peptidase isolated originally from Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis NCDO 763, was cloned and overproduced in Escherichia coli. The enzyme was isolated in its active form in two purification steps. Crystals of PepX were grown by the hanging drop vapor diffusion method using polyethyleneglycol 4000 as precipitant at pH 5.0. The crystals are orthorhombic with cell dimensions a = 92.8 Å, b = 102.6 Å, and c = 101.6 Å, space group P21212, and probably contain one monomer of 87.5 kDa in the asymmetric unit. The crystals, very stable under X-rays, diffract to at least 2.2 Å and are suitable for high-resolution structural analysis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 7 (1986), S. 148-149 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A technique of isoelectric focusing of proteins from single pollen grains has been developed using ultrathin polyacrylamide gels. On a single gel, one hundred grains may be compared for total proteins or enzyme patterns. With this technique it was possible to reveal heterogeneity of pollen grains in a population at a genetic level and in relation to pollen viability.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the cruciferous plant Brassica oleracea L. (cabbage), the S-locus specific glycoproteins (SLSGs) isolated only in stigmas are considered to play an important role in the normal prevention of self-fertilization. Recent molecular data have shown that the gene encoding these glycoproteins (the SLG gene) belonged to a multigenic family consisting of about 10 homologous copies among which an, other member is expressed, the S-locus related gene (SLR1gene). Our aim was to determine whether the SLR1-gene proteins were expressed in the stigmatic tissues. We first identified the putative SLSGs or SLR1-proteins by Con A-peroxidase detection of glycoproteins separated after isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. We describe a fast purification procedure for the glycoproteins of interest, based on analytical isoelectric focusing, electrophoresis, and electroblotting of proteins onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Blotted proteins were sequenced for N-terminal amino acid determination. By comparison of the N-terminal sequences of the purified proteins with the peptide sequence predicted from the SLR1-cDNA, we demonstrate the expression of SLR1-like proteins in stigmas of B. oleracea.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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