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  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese, Thermolyse und Photolyse der Azoalkane Spiro[4,5-diazatricyclo[4.3.0.03,7]non-4-en-8,2′-[1,3]dioxolan] und 4,5-Diazatricyclo[4.3.0.03,7]non-4-en-8-on. Über den Mechanismus der Oxadi-π-methan-Umlagerung von 5-Norbornen-2-on4,5-Diazatricyclo[4.3.0.03,7]non-4-en-8-on (4) und Spiro[4,5-diazatricyclo[4.3.0.03,7]non-4-en-8,2′-[1,3]dioxolan] (5) wurden ausgehend von Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-on (1) synthetisiert, indem das entsprechende Urazol 7 durch Cycloaddition von 4-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3,5-dion (PTAD) erhalten wurde. Acetalisierung zum Urazol 9 und anschließende Hydrolyse und Oxidation führten zu den Azoalkanen 4 und 5. Die Regioselektivität der PTAD-Cycloaddition zum Urazol 7 wurde röntgenographisch bewiesen. Direkte und benzophenonsensibilisierte Photolysen des Azoalkans 5 führten zum Tricycloalkan 13, während Thermolyse auch das Pyrazol 12 ergab. Bei der direkten und benzophenonsensibilisierten Photolyse des Azoalkans 4 entstanden Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-on (1), Tricyclo-[3.2.0.02.7]heptan-3-on (2) und Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-en-6-on (3). Bie der Thermolyse wurden nur die bicyclischen Ketone 1 und 3 erhalten. Es wird postuliert, daß die Photolyse und Thermolyse des Azoalkans 4 primär zu den Diazenyl-Diradikalen 19a, b führt, deren unterschiedliches chemisches Verhalten auf Spinmultiplizität (Singulett- bzw. Triplettzustände) und Elektronenkonfiguration (Dσ,σ- bzw. Dσ,π-Konfiguration) zurückzuführen ist. Die Bildung des Oxadi-π-methan-Diradikals 20 während der Stickstoffabspaltung durch Doppelbruch der C - N-Bindungen entspricht einem untergeordneten Reaktionsweg.
    Notes: 4,5-Diazatricyclo[4.3.0.03,7]non-4-en-8-one (4) and spiro[4,5-diazatricyclo[4.3.0.03,7]non-4-ene-8,2′-[1,3]dioxolane] (5) were prepared starting from bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-one (1) by cycloaddition with 4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione (PTAD) to the corresponding urazole 7, followed with acetalization to the urazole 9 and subsequent hydrolysis and oxidation. The regioselectivity of the PTAD-cycloaddition leading to urazole 7 was confirmed by an X-ray analysis. Direct and benzophenone-sensitized photolyses of azoalkane 5 gave the tricycloalkane 13, while in the thermolysis also the pyrazole 12 was formed. Direct and benzophenone-sensitized photolyses of azoalkane 4 yielded bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-one (1), tricyclo[3.2.0.02,7]heptan-3-one (2), and bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-en-6-one (3). Thermolysis gave only the bicyclic ketones 1 and 3. It is postulated that the photolysis and thermolysis of azoalkane 4 first lead to diazenyl diradicals 19a, b, which are differentiated in their chemical behavior on account of spin state multiplicities (singlet versus triplet) and electronic configurations (Dσ,σ versus Dσ,π). Formation of the oxadi-π-methane-type 1,3-diradical 20 by denitrogenation involving double C - N cleavage represents a minor product channel.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 1982-1989 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaktion von 4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazolin-3,5-dion (PTAD) mit bicyclischen MonoterpenenDie Cycloaddition der bicyclischen Monoterpene Camphen (4), α-Pinen (5), β-Pinen (6), 2-Caren (7), Bornen (8) und des Tricyclans 9 mit PTAD wurde untersucht. Nur Camphen und α-Pinen gaben über eine dipolare Cycloaddition umgelagerte Urazole (11, 14), α-Pinen gab hauptsächlich eine En-Reaktion zu 15, während β-Pinen und 2-Caren ausschließlich unter En-Reaktion 16 bzw. 17 bildeten. Sterische Hinderung durch die geminale Dimethylgruppe verhinderte eine Cycloaddition von Bornen. Die Cyclopropanringe im Tricyclan 9 und in 2-Caren sind nicht gespannt genug, um mit PTAD eine [2π + 2σ]-Cycloaddition einzugehen. Keines der Monoterpene gab eine [2π + 2σ]-Cycloaddition.
    Notes: The cycloaddition of the bicyclic monoterpenes camphene (4), α-pinene (5), β-pinene (6), 2-carene (7), bornene (8), and tricyclane 9 with PTAD was investigated. Only camphene and α-pinene gave rearranged urazoles (11, 14) via dipolar cycloaddition. Ene-reaction was the predominant reaction course for α-pinene (→15) and the exclusive route for β-pinene (→16) and 2-carene (→17). Steric hindrance by the gem-dimethyl group prevents cycloaddition of bornene. The cyclopropane rings in the tricyclane 9 and 2-carene are not sufficiently strained to undergo [2π + 2σ]-cycloaddition with PTAD. None of the monoterpenes gave [2π + 2σ]-cycloaddition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Acyllithium equivalents ; Lithium ; Carbenes ; Structure elucidation ; Ab initio calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3-Lithiated 4-tert-butyl-imidazol-2-ylidene, 3-lithiated 4-tert-butyl-thiazol-2-ylidene, and the ZnBr species of the latter, are shown to be stable carbenes by X-ray crystal structure determination. The crystal data are confirmed by 13C-NMR investigations in solution and quantum-chemical calculations. The exceptional stability of the acyl anion equivalents is due to the p(.) stabilization of the carbene carbon atoms by the adjacent amino (thio) substituents, as is also the case in the structurally related stable carbenes, which have recently been isolated for the first time by A. J.Arduengo III et al., and in stable nitrenium ions, as found by our group.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 229 (1936), S. 112-128 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Behandeln von PH3 mit Br2, PBr5 und PCl5 gelang es unter den verschiedensten experimentellen Bedingungen nicht mit Sicherheit, die Existenz teilhalogenierter Phosphine nachzuweisen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 229 (1936), S. 410-412 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 1 (1892), S. 285-306 
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 80 (1913), S. 397-401 
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 85 (1914), S. 279-291 
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Der Einfluß von Äthylalkohol und Rohrzucker in verschiedenen Konzentrationen auf die Lösungsgeschwindigkeit von Cadmium einer Jod-Jodkaliumlösung ist bei 25° gemessen worden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: β-adrenergic recepor ; chimeric proteins ; receptor subtypes ; ligand binding ; protein structure-function ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pharmacological analysis of ligand binding to the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) has revealed the existence of two distinct receptor subtypes (β1 and β2) which are the products of different genes. The predicted amino acid sequence of the β1 and β2 receptors differ by 48%. To identify the regions of the proteins responsible for determining receptor subtype, chimeras were constructed from domains of the human β1 and hamster β2 receptors. Analyses of the ligand-binding characteristics of these hybrid receptors revealed that residues in the middle portion of the βAR sequence, particularly around transmembrane regions 4 and 5, contribute to the subtype specific binding of agonists. Smaller molecular replacement of regions of the hamster β2AR with the analogous regions from the avian β1AR, however, failed to identify any single residue substitution capable of altering the subtype specificity of the receptor. These data indicate that, whereas sequences around transmembrane regions 4 and 5 may contribute to conformations which influence the ligand-binding properties of the receptor, the subtype-specific differences in amine-substituted agonist binding cannot be attributed to a single molecular interaction between the ligand and any amino acid residue which is divergent between the β1 and β2 receptors.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 22 (1995), S. 168-181 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: aspartic proteinase ; enzyme kinetics ; rule-based model ; chromogenic assay ; synthetic substrate ; inhibitor ; molecular modeling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aspartic proteinases are produced in the human body by a variety of cells. Some of these proteins, examples of which are pepsin, gastricsin, and renin, are secreted and exert their effects in the extracellular spaces. Cathepsin D and cathepsin E on the other hand are intracellular enzymes. The least characterized of the human aspartic proteinases is cathepsin E. Presented here are results of studies designed to characterize the binding specificities in the active site of human cathepsin E with comparison to othermechanistically similar enzymes. A peptide series based on Lys-Pro-Ala-Lys-Phe*Nph-Arg-Leu was generatedto elucidate the specificity in the individual binding pockets with systematic substitutions in the P5- P2 and P2′-P3′ based on charge, hydrophobicity, and hydrogen bonding. Also, to explore the S2 binding preferences, asecond series of peptides based on Lys-Pro-Ile-Glu-Phe*Nph-Arg-Leu was generated with systematic replacements in the P2 position. Kinetic parameters were determined forboth sets of peptides. The results were correlated to a rule-based structural model of human cathepsin E, constructed on the known three-dimensional structures of several highly homologous aspartic proteinases; porcine pepsin, bovine chymosin, yeast proteinase A, human cathepsin D, andmouse and human renin. Important specificity-determining interactions were found in the S3 (Glu13) and S2 (Thr-222, Gln-287, Leu-289, Ile-300)subsites. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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