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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (101)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (18)
  • Lepidoptera  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections: II. A microcomputer-based facility for rapid data collection (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 665-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A microcomputer-based facility is described that permits the data required for three-dimensional reconstructions to be collected quickly and inexpensively from serial sections. The facility consists of a microcomputer, a digitizer tablet, a graphics terminal, a printer, a plotter, and telephone coupler. Images of serial sections are superimposed on the digitizer tablet. Contours of interest on each section are digitized and the coordinates are stored on “floppy” disks. The problems of putting successive sections in correct register and of taking into account magnification factors are discussed briefly. Use of the facility for high-resolution applications is also considered.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070415
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The responses of some Lepidoptera to labiate herb and white clover extracts (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: biological control ; brassica ; labiate herbs ; larval feeding ; oviposition ; Lepidoptera ; Pieris brassicae ; Plutella xylostella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des plantes médicinales ont traditionnellement été utilisées en association avec des plantes cultivées dans l'espoir que leur odeur repousserait les insectes nuisibles. Des extraits à l'alcool et des essences volatiles de labiées médicinales ont été essayés au laboratoire pour examiner leur effets répulsif et dissuadant pour la ponte de Plutella xylostella et l'alimentation des chenilles de P. xylostella et Pieris brassicae. Les extraits alcooliques d'hysope, de romarin, de sauge, de thym et de trèfle blanc réduisent la ponte de P. xylostella sur des morceaux de feuilles de chou traitées. Les essences volatiles de sauge et de thym réduisent la ponte de P. xylostella sur des morceaux de feuilles de chou dans des expériences de choix. L'alimentation des chenilles de dernier stade de P. xylostella et P. brassicae dans des expériences de choix est réduite par l'application d'extraits alcooliques des labiées médicinales.
    Notes: Abstract Herbs have been traditionally used as intercrops with crop plants on the assumption that their odour repels pest species. Alcohol extracts and essential oils of labiate herbs were tested in the laboratory for deterrent/repellent responses to ovipositing Plutella xylostella (L.) and feeding larvae of P. xylostella and Pieris brassicae L. Alcohol extracts of hyssop, rosemary, sage, thyme and white clover reduce oviposition by P. xylostella on pieces of brassica leaf in dual-choice tests. Essential oils of sage and thyme reduce oviposition on pieces of brassica leaf. Feeding, in dual-choice tests, by final instar P. xylostella and P. brassicae larvae is reduced by application of alcohol extracts of herbs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414506
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping and characterization of the entomocidal domain of the Bacillus thuringiensis CrylA(b) protoxin (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 247 (1995), S. 482-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis ; Crystal protein ; Activation ; Lepidoptera ; Toxic fragment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The amino acid sequences necessary for entomocidal activity of the CryIA(b) protoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis were determined. Introduction of stop codons behind codons Arg601, Phe604 or Ala607 showed that amino acid residues C-terminal to Ala607 are not required for insecticidal activity and that activation by midgut proteases takes place distal to Ala607. The two shortest polypeptides, deleted for part of the highly conserved β-strand, were prone to proteolytic degradation, explaining their lack of toxicity. Apparently, this β-strand is essential for folding of the molecule into a stable conformation. Proteolytic activation at the N-terminus was investigated by removing the first 28 codons, resulting in a translation product extending from amino acid 29 to 607. This protein appeared to be toxic not only to susceptible insect larvae such as Manduca sexta and Heliothis virescens, but also to Escherichia coli cells. An additional mutant, encoding only amino acid residues 29–429, encompassing the complete putative pore forming domain, but lacking a large part of the receptor-binding domain, was similarly toxic to E. coli cells. This suggests a role for the N-terminal 28 amino acids in rendering the toxin inactive in Bacillus thuringiensis, and indicates that the cytolytic potential of the pore forming domain is only realized after proteolytic removal of these residues by proteases in the insect gut. In line with this hypothesis are results obtained with a mutant protein in which Arg28 at the cleavage site was replaced by Asp. This substitution prevented the protein from being cleaved by trypsin in vitro, and reduced its toxicity to M. sexta larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293150
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecology of aquatic Lepidoptera (Crambidae: Nymphulinae) in South Carolina, USA (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 379 (1998), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Crambidae ; aquatic ecology ; aquatic plants ; distribution ; herbivory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An ecological study was conducted in May and June of 1995 and 1996 in South Carolina to determine the factors associated with distributions of aquatic Lepidoptera (Crambidae: Nymphulinae). Larvae were found at 65 lotic and lentic sites in three ecoregions (Piedmont, Sandhills, Coastal Plain). Nine species of aquatic Lepidoptera were collected from 12 species of aquatic vascular macrophytes. One to six plant species were used as hosts, depending on the species of lepidopteran; however, the number of host plants used by a lepidopteran was significantly correlated with the lepidopteran's frequency of occurrence. Significant habitat associations were found for five species. Langessa nomophilalis (Dyar) was found under the widest range of temperature and width and occurred in both lotic and lentic habitats. Munroessa icciusalis (Walker) was found in lotic and lentic habitats and had the widest range of recorded depths. Parapoynx maculalis (Clemens) occurred at stream sites with lentic-like conditions. Parapoynx obscuralis (Grote) occupied the widest range of pH and was restricted to lotic habitats, and P. seminealis (Walker) was found in both lotic and lentic habitats. Additional species, collected at fewer than 8% of sites, included M. gyralis, P. allionealis, Synclita obliteralis, and S. tinealis. Overall, the distributions of aquatic Lepidoptera in South Carolina were nonrandom and predictable on the basis of habitat characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003269025247
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel sex pheromone components from the fall cankerworm moth,Alsophila pometaria (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 463-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Alsophila pometaria (Harris) ; fall cankerworm ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene ; (Z,Z,Z,E)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene ; (Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A sex pheromone extract from fall cankerworm moths,Alsophila pometaria, attracted conspecific males in field tests. Four EAG-active components were isolated from the extract and identified by GC-MS, highfield PMR spectroscopy, and microchemical techniques asn-nonadecane (I), (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene (II), (Z,Z,Z,E)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetraene (III), and (Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,11-nonadecatetrane (IV). Studies of the behavioral responses of male moths in a flight tunnel to the isolated components showed II, III, and IV were the major components of the sex pheromone. No sex pheromone behavioral responses were observed for I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988092
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of the apical ridge of ectoderm in the differentiation of the morphological structure and inductive specificity of limb parts in the chickThis investigation was supported by research grants (C-1481, -C1, -C2, -C3, -C4) from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service; by a grant (NSF G2253) from the National Science Foundation; by grants from the American Cancer Society, Milwaukee Division; and by a grant from the Research Fund, University of Okahoma School of Medicine.We are indebted to Mr. Stanislaus Ratajczak for his aid in the preparation of the illustrations, and to Mrs. Lilyan C. Saunders for her assistance in the preparation of the manuscript. (1957)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 101 (1957), S. 57-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051010104
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphologic variation in the cranium and mandible of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): A comparative study of geographical and four biological distances (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 128 (1969), S. 95-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Several biological distances based on cranial and mandibular variation among breeding groups of white-tailed deer were calculated and compared with geographic distances among the groups. Distances based on epigenetic variation among ten groups were calculated using 16 non-metric variants of the cranium and mandible. Penrose's size and shape distances and Mahalanobis' D2 distance were calculated for 11 groups; the calculations were based on seven skeletal and seven dental metric variables of the mandible.The biological distances were correlated with geographic distance as follows: the epigenetic distance, 0.74; Penrose's shape distance, 0.71; Penrose's size distance, 0.45; and Mahalanobis' distance, 0.37. All correlations were significant at the 0.01 level. The epigenetic and Penrose shape correlations were significantly higher than the Mahalanobis correlation.Because of the conditions under which the breeding groups were selected, it was assumed that genetic affinites among the groups would be a function of geographic distance. The results suggest that the epigenetic distance and Penrose's shape distance reflect genetic affinities among groups better than do the Penrose size and Mahalanobis distances.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051280105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemistry of flight muscles in the jamaican fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis: Implications for motor control (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 196 (1988), S. 353-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two fast-twitch fiber types are histochemically identified in the primary flight muscles of Artibeus jamaicensis. These are classified as type IIa and IIb according to an acid-preincubation staining protocol for myosin ATPase. All fibers in the bat flight muscles exhibit relatively intense staining properties for NADH-TR, suggesting a high oxidative capacity. The glycolytic potential of all fibers is rather low, as assessed by stains for alpha-GPD. This two-type histochemical profile appears to parallel biphasic electromyographic patterns observed in these muscles and leads us to propose that flight muscle histochemistry and activation are mediated by a “two-gear” neuromuscular control system. In contrast, earlier studies on Tadarida brasiliensis demonstrate the existence of a “one-gear” neuromuscular control system, exemplified by the presence of one fiber type. These observations are discussed with respect to the natural history and flight styles of several species.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051960308
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and histochemistry of the ambiens muscle of the red-eared turtle Pseudemys scripta (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 187 (1986), S. 39-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Six fiber types have been described in the ambiens muscle of red-eared turtles. These include one slow oxidative type, two fast oxidative types, two fast oxidative and glycolytic types, and one fast glycolytic type. Fiber types are non-randomly distributed throughout cross sections of the muscle. There is a decreasing gradient of oxidative staining and an increasing gradient of glycolytic staining along an axis from the superficial to deep regions of the muscle. The slow oxidative fibers are predominantly located within one or two fascicles of the superficial surface of the muscle. The fast glycolytic fibers are predominant in deep fascicles.In contrast to previous reports of histochemically monotypic intrafusal fibers in turtle muscle, ambiens muscle spindles have been observed containing one to eleven intrafusal fibers, including two fiber types. Fiber diameter and area are consistently smaller than observed in most extrafusal fibers. Spindles are predominantly located in superficial and cranial fascicles of the ambiens muscle and are located in regions characterized by extrafusal fibers with high oxidative activity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051870104
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant nuclei formation in the yolk sac syncytium of the muskellunge, a bony fish (salmoniformes: esocidae: Esox masquinongy)Order and family classification from Greenwood et al. ('66).Preliminary findings were presented at the 84th annual meeting of the American Microscopical Society, September, 1968. (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 135 (1971), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In muskellunge blastulae the yolk sac syncytium originally contains nuclei comparable in size to the blastomere nuclei from which the syncytial nuclei arose. By mitosis the originally diploid syncytial nuclei become numerous and crowded together. Continued synchronous mitosis of neighboring syncytial nuclei and the resultant crowding together of their spindles culminates in overlapping spindles, multipolar spindles, disorganized spindles, and the crowding together of large numbers of condensed chromosomes from contigous spindles. When such an aggregation of condensed chromosomes becomes enclosed within one nuclear membrane, a giant nucleus appears in the following interphase. It soon becomes postmitotic.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051350207
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