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Correlation between X-ray diffraction measurements of cellulose crystalline structure and the susceptibility to microbial cellulase (1979)

Sasaki, Takashi ; Tanaka, Takashi ; Nanbu, Noriko ; [et al.]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 1031-1042

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ISSN: 0006-3592

Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Chemical and physical treatments of cotton cellulose have been studied in order to elucidate the relationship between the degree of crystallinity of cellulose and the susceptibility of cellulose to cellulase. Cotton cellulose powder was treated with the following solvents: 60% H2SO4, Cadoxen, and DMSO-p -formaldehyde. The dissolved celluloses were recovered at high yield of over 97% by addition of nine volumes of cold acetone. X-ray diffraction for measurements of relative crystallinity showed that the crystalline structure of cellulose declined in quantity and perfection by the dissolving treatment and changed to an amorphous form that is highly susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis. These reprecipitated celluloses were hydrolyzed almost completely within 48 hr by Aspergillus niger cellulase containing mainly 1,4-β-glucan glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.4), without action of 1,4-β-glucan cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1. 91). On the other hand, cryo-milled cellulose (below 250 mesh) still had a crystalline structure, was resistant to cellulase, and gave a low percentage of saccharification. These results indicate that in pure cellulose there are good correlations between x-ray diffractograms and susceptibility to microbial cellulase.

Additional Material: 7 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210608

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Polyvinyl chloride film impregnated with bathophenanthroline for rapid colorimetric determination of ferrous ion in water (1975)

Tanaka, Takashi ; Hiiro, Kazuo ; Kawahara, Akinori

Springer

Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 15-17

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ISSN: 1618-2650

Keywords: Best. von Eisen(II) in Wasser mit Bathophenanthrolin ; Colorimetrie, Spektralphotometrie ; Polyvinylchlorid-Testfilm

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Description / Table of Contents: Summary A transparent test film for rapid and semi-quantitative determination of small amounts of ferrous ion in water was prepared. The film is composed of bathophenanthroline, tributyl phosphate and polyvinyl chloride as colour reagent, solvent, and supporting material, respectively. The test film is coloured by immersing into the sample solution, and the colour intensity of the film (proportional to the ferrous concentration in the 0.1 ∼ 5.6 ppm range) is compared visually with a colour scale or measured spectrophotometrically at 540 nm. 0.1 ppm of ferrous ion can be detected.

Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur schnellen halbquantitativen Bestimmung von Eisen(II) in Wasser wurde ein transparenter Testfilm entwickelt, der als Reagens Bathophenanthrolin, als Lösungsmittel Tributylphosphat und als Trägermaterial Polyvinylchlorid enthält. Nach Eintauchen in die Probelösung wird die Färbung des Films (die der Eisenkonzentration im Bereich von 0,1–5,6 ppm proportional ist) entweder visuell durch Vergleich mit einer Farbskala oder spektralphotometrisch bei 540 nm gemessen. Noch 0,1 ppm Eisen(II) kann erfaßt werden.