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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 18 (1994), S. 174-185 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: computer modeling ; protein structure prediction ; α-carbons ; structure evaluation ; molecular dynamics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Generation of full protein coordinates from limited information, e.g., the Cα coordinates, is an important step in protein homology modeling and structure determination, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations may prove to be important in this task. We describe a new method, in which the protein backbone is built quickly in a rather crude way and then refined by minimization techniques. Subsequently, the side chains are positioned using extensive MD calculations. The method is tested on two proteins, and results compared to proteins constructed using two other MD-based methods. In the first method, we supplemented an existing backbone building method with a new procedure to add side chains. The second one largely consists of available methodology. The constructed proteins are compared to the corresponding X-ray structures, which became available during this study, and they are in good agreement (backbone RMS values of 0.5-0.7 Å, and all-atom RMS values of 1.5-1.9 Å). This comparative study indicates that extensive MD simulations are able, to some extent, to generate details of the native protein structure, and may contribute to the development of a standardized methodology to predict reliably (parts of) protein structures when only partial coordinate data are available. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 20 (1994), S. 293-300 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: sequence alignment ; neural network algorithm ; tetanus toxin ; circular dichroism ; metallopeptidase ; thermolysin ; zinc-binding motif ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The primary structures of a family of ten clostridial. Neurotoxins have recently been deduced yet little information is presently available concerning their secondary or tertiary structures. Because the overall similarity percentage of multiply aligned sequences is high, the secondary structures of these metalloendopeptidases are also expected to be conserved. The neural net program, PHD (Rost and Sander, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:7558-7562, 1993), predicted that the secondary structures of the neurotoxins were indeed conserved in both single and multiple sequence modes of analysis. Predictions for the amounts of helical, extended, and loop states from the single sequence analyses were consistent with previously published data from circular dichroism studies on some of these neurotoxins. In the single analysis mode, only the aligned regions were predicted to show conservation of the three-state structure. In contrast, the multiple sequence analysis predicted that a conserved state (variable loops) also exists in non-aligned regions. Alignments with the primary structure of the prototypic metalloendopeptidase thermolysin showed that about 25% of the residues within this enzyme are similar to those in the neurotoxins. A comparison of thermolysin's known secondary structure with the predictions from this study showed that about 80% of thermolysin's residues could be structurally aligned with those in the neurotoxins. These predictions provide the necessary. Framework to build a homologous low-resolution tertiary structure of the neurotoxin active site that will be essential in the development of synthetic inhibitors. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 183-188 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A versatile and simple continuous-culture apparatus is described. With this apparatus, independent control of limiting growth factors and other nutrilites is possible and the conditions of each experiment are reproducible. In view of the synchronized speed of the feeder syringes, flow variation troubles are not encountered. The device allows the performance of growth experiments at different dilution rates simultaneously in a single run which makes the comparison of the results more reliable. The operation of the device has been tested successfully with a study of adenine deaminase induction in yeast.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 418-425 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel two-stage anaerobic process for the microbial conversion of cellulose into biogas has been developed. In the first phase, a mixed population of rumen bacteria and ciliates was used in the hydrolysis and fermentation of cellulose. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced in this acidogenic reactor were subsequently converted into biogas in a UASB-type methanogenic reactor.A stepwise increase of the loading rate from 11.9 to 25.8 g volatile solids/L reactor volume/day (g VS/L/day) did not affect the degradation efficiency in the acidogenic reactor, whereas the methanogenic reactor appeared to be overloaded at the highest loading rate. Cellulose digestion was almost complete at all loading rates applied. The two-stage anaerobic process was also tested with a closed fluid circuit. In this instance total methane production was 0.438 L CH4g VS added, which is equivalent to 98% of the theoretical value. The application of rumen microorganisms in combination with a high-rate methane reactor is proposed as a means of efficient anaerobic degradation of cellulosic residues to methane. Because this newly developed two-phase system is based on processes and microorganisms from the ruminant, it will be referred to as “Rumen Derived Anaerobic Digestion” (RUDAD-) process.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 6 (1985), S. 292-295 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: According to recent observations the plasma of hypertensive humans contains an additional protein which can be detected by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A particular function of this protein, called “hypertension associated protein” (HAP), has not yet been defined. In this study the correlation between the appearance of this protein and hypertension was only weak in a group of 100 persons. However, by comparing the presence or absence of this protein as detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with the results of haptoglobin typing of the same plasma samples, one finds that this protein is the alpha-1-chain of haptoglobin. Persons with HAP in their plasma belong either to the Hp (1) or to the Hp (2-1) type. Thus the determination of haptoglobin phenotype is possible by one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which might be of importance for forensic serogenetics. Genetically controlled phenotypes of haptoglobin are known to be associated with a higher risk for different diseases. According to the results of this study hypertension is also among these diseases.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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