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  • Bioclimatic maps  (2)
  • Lipid A structure  (2)
  • Phototrophic bacteria  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat stress in Greece (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 41 (1997), S. 34-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Key words Heat stress ; Predicted mean vote ; Greece ; Bioclimatic maps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  For 12 selected synoptic stations of the Greek Weather Service, the daily 12 UTC values of the thermal index Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) were calculated for the years 1980 to 1989. The locally varied occurrence of diverse thermal sensation and particularly of strong heat stress were analysed in relation to the human-biometeorological significance. With the help of a statistical model, PMV values of individual stations were transformed into a high-resolution bioclimatic map. The map presents the average annual number of days with at least strong heat stress (PMV〉3.0).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004840050051
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of a universal thermal index: physiological equivalent temperature (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 43 (1999), S. 76-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Key words Physiological equivalent temperature ; Evaluation of the thermal component of different climates ; Human biometeorology ; Urban climate ; Forest climate ; Bioclimatic maps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The physiological equivalent temperature, PET, is a thermal index derived from the human energy balance. It is well suited to the evaluation of the thermal component of different climates. As well as having a detailed physiological basis, PET is preferable to other thermal indexes like the predicted mean vote because of its unit (°C), which makes results more comprehensible to urban or regional planners, for example, who are not so familiar with modern human-biometeorological terminology. PET results can be presented graphically or as bioclimatic maps. Graphs mostly display the temporal behaviour of PET, whereas spatial distribution is specified in bioclimatic maps. In this article, some applications of PET are discussed. They relate to the evaluation of the urban heat island in cities in both temperate climates and warm climates at high altitude. The thermal component of the microclimate in the trunk space of a deciduous forest is also evaluated by PET. As an example of the spatial distribution of PET, a bioclimatic map for Greece in July (Mediterranean climate) is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004840050119
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of lipid A from the lipopolysaccharide of Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa 29/1 (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 141 (1985), S. 279-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhodopseudomonas gelationosa ; Lipid A structure ; Toxicity of lipid A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the lipid A component of Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa 29/1 lipopolysaccharide was established. It constitutes a β-1,6-glucosamine disaccharide substituted on either side by ester-and glycosidically-bound phosphate residues. Both phosphate groups are in turn nonstoichiometrically substituted by ethanolamine. The amino groups of the disaccharide are N-acylated by 3-acyloxyacyl residues: that at the reducing glucosamine by 3-O-(14:0) 10:0, and that at the non-reducing one by 3-O-(12:0)10:0. Hydroxyl groups at C-3 and C-3′ are esterified by hydroxycapric acid. Hydroxyl groups at C-4 and C-6′ in free hydroxycapric acid. Hydroxyl groups at C-4 and C-6′ in free lipid A were shown to be unoccupied by methylation with diazomethane. A similar methylation of the intact lipopolysaccharide revealed a free hydroxyl group only at C-4, indicating that C-6′ is the attachment site of 3-deoxy-d-anno-octulosonic acid. By preparative thin-layer chromatography free lipid A could be resolved into at least two major and one minor fractions. Lipid A of R. gelatinosa 29/1 shows high lethal toxicity, comparable to that of Salmonella lipid A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428837
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical composition of the lipopolysaccharides of Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii, Ectothiorhodospira mobilis, and Ectothiorhodospira halophila (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 157 (1992), S. 499-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cell wall ; Ecothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii ; Ectothiorhodospira mobilis ; Ectothiorhodospira halophila ; Halophilic bacteria ; Lipopolysaccharide ; Lipid A ; Lipid ADAG ; “Mixed” lipid A ; Phototrophic bacteria ; Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lipopolysaccharides were isolated from the moderate halophilic Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii slight to and Ectothiorhodospira mobilis and from the extremely halophilic Ectothiorhodospira halophila by the hot phenol-water and purified by the phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether methods. The isolated lipopolysaccharides of all three species contained 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid and d-glycero-d-mannoheptose indicating the existence of a core. They contained additionally glucose and uronic acids (E. shaposhnikovii and E. mobilis) or glucose, uronic acids and threonine (E. halophila). Sodium deoxycholate gel-electrophoresis of the three lipopolysaccharides, each showing only one major band, indicated R-type character of the lipopolysaccharides of the three Ectothiorhodospira species. The lipid A fractions of the lipopolysaccharides from E. shaposhnikovii and E. mobilis represented phosphorylated “mixed” lipid A types with both 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose and d-glucosamine. The lipid A from E. halophila contained also phosphate and 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose but only traces of d-glucosamine, which would indicated lipid ADAG. The fatty acid spectra were characterized by amide-bound 3-OH-10:0 and 3-OH-12:0 (E. shaposhnikovii), 3-OH-10:0 (E. mobilis), or 3-OH-10:0,3-OH-14:0, and 3-oxo-14-0 (E. halophila). The predominant ester-bound fatty acids were 14:0 and 16:0 (E. shaposhnikovii and E. mobilis), or 12:0 and 14:1 (E. halophila).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276769
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipopolysaccharide of Providencia rettgeri (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 144 (1986), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Providencia rettgeri ; Lipid A structure ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chemical constitutional analysis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Providencia rettgeri was carried out. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using sodium dodecylsulfate or sodium deoxycholate showed that the lipopolysaccharide mostly consisted of short sugar chains. The lipid A was precipitated out after mild acid hydrolysis of LPS. From the supernatant degraded polysaccharide and unsubstituted core fractions were isolated. Compositional analysis of the core material revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, glucosamine, l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid, alanine and phosphorus. Methylation analysis of the core material indicated the presence of terminal units of glucose, galacturonic acid and glucosamine. The chemical structure of the lipid A was elucidated. It constitutes a β-1,6-glucosamine disaccharide substituted on either side by ester and glycosidically-bond phosphate residues. The ester-bound phosphate was found to be substituted by a 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinosyl residue. The amino groups of the backbone disaccharide are N-acylated by 3-O-(14:0)14:0 and 3-O-14:0. Two hydroxyl groups of the disaccharide are esterified by 3-O-(14:0)14:0 and 3-O-14:0. The taxonomical importance of these structural details will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410949
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical composition of the lipopolysaccharides of Rhodobacter sulfidophilus, Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, and Rhodopseudomonas blastica (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1985), S. 32-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Lipopolysaccharide ; Lipid A ; Rhodobacter sulfidophilus ; Rhodopseudomonas acidophila ; Rhodopseudomonas blastica ; Phototrophic bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The lipopolysaccharides of Rhodobacter sulfidophilus and the two budding species Rhodopseudomonas acidophila and Rhodopseudomonas blastica were isolated and chemically analyzed. The all have a lipid A backbone structure with glucosamine as the only amino sugar. The lipid A's of Rb. sulfidophilus and Rps. blastica contain phosphate, their fatty acids are characterized by ester-linked, unsubstituted 3-OH-10:0 and amide-linked 3-OH-14:0 (Rb. sulfidophilus) or 3-oxo-14:0 (Rps. blastica). Lipid A of Rps. acidophila is free of phosphate and contains the rare 3-OH-16:0 fatty acid in amide linkage. The lipopolysaccharides of all three species contain 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonate (KDO) but are devoid of heptoses. Neutral sugars with the exception of glucose are lacking in the lipopolysaccharide of Rb. sulfidophilus. This shows a high galacturonic acid content. The lipopolysaccharides of Rps. acidophila and Rps. blastica have neutral sugar spectra indicative for typical O-chains (rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucose in both species, and in Rps. blastica additionally 2-O-methyl-6-deoxy-hexose). The taxonomic value of the data is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414764
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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