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  • Biodiversity  (3)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • Caribbean  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 607-613 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words AFLP ; Biodiversity ; Genetic maps ; Genetic resources ; Rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Genetic diversity within populations of organisms and species is commonly measured using molecular-marker data. It has been claimed that more reliable diversity measurements can be obtained using selected genetically mapped markers to ensure that all regions of the genome are represented in the data sets employed. However, this has not been tested. In the present study, using rice (Oryza sativa L.) as a model species, we have shown that the use of unmapped AFLP markers reveals a pattern of diversity that is very similar to that obtained using a range of other marker types and which reflects the known crossability groups within this species. In contrast, we show that use of mapped-marker data can, in some cases, result in highly misleading patterns of diversity; the results obtained are critically related to the choice ofparents used in the cross from which the mapping population was produced. For diversity analyses, we propose that it is appropriate to use unmapped markers provided that the marker-type has been shown to have a wide distribution over the genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chamaecytisus ; Tagasaste ; Fodder legumes ; Multivariate analysis ; RAPD ; Plant genetic resources ; Biodiversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to generate molecular markers to trace the origin of the fodder legume tagasaste (Chamaecytisus proliferus (L. fil.) Link ssp. palmensis (H. Christ) Kunkel) in the Canary Islands. Results from multivariate analyses of data through “Two Way Indicator Species Analysis” (TWINSPAN) and “Detrended Correspondence Analysis” (DECORANA) showed that genotypes collected on the island of La Palma exhibited a wider range of variation than those from the other islands. This supports the existing hypothesis that tagasaste originated on La Palma and emphasizes the importance of conserving and evaluating germ plasm from this island.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Ecogeography ; Fodder-legumes ; In-situ-conservation ; Biodiversity ; Germplasm ; Tagasaste
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chamaecytisus proliferus (L.fil.) Link (Fabaceae: Genisteae) represents a species complex in the Canary Islands. Floristic data from 147 releves from the whole complex were collected and analysed by classification (TWINSPAN) and ordination (DECORANA) methods. Results indicate that white escobon of Tenerife, escobon of El Hierro, white escobon of Gran Canaria and typical tagasaste in La Palma are associated with those plant communities from the north of these islands which are under the influence of the north-eastern trade winds. Narrow-leaved escobon in Tenerife and La Gomera, escobon of southern Gran Canaria and white tagasaste of La Palma are found in those areas which are not under the direct influence of these winds. Morphological forms from the more easterly islands (Gran Canaria and Tenerife-La Gomera) have the broadest ecological range and they have played an important role in the floristic changes which have taken place after the destruction of the forests in these islands. The highest priorities for in situ conservation should be given to wild populations of typical tagasaste, white escobon of Tenerife and escobon of El Hierro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 400 (1999), S. 195-203 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: macroinvertebrate ; Caribbean ; CCA ; multivariate ; stream
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The macroinvertebrate fauna from 13 river catchments in St. Lucia were sampled over a two year period. Multivariate techniques were used to detect the influence of farming activities and urban developments on macroinvertebrate community variation. Land use was the most significant correlate influencing the pattern of macroinvertebrate community variation. Stream chemistry was insignificant, with the exception of turbidity. Agricultural activity in the upper and middle catchments caused middle and lower stations to suffer more from the severity of spates and these had a deleterious affect on stream communities. Pollution sensitive fauna were more closely associated with undisturbed stations. Results from a hybrid analysis suggested that a significant variable was not included in the analysis. It is likely that hydrobiological data would have been a significant correlate in explaining macroinvertebrate community variation, as the spate frequency regime has been identified as a significant correlate in other sub/tropical environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 400 (1999), S. 195-203 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: macroinvertebrate ; Caribbean ; CCA ; multivariate ; stream
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The macroinvertebrate fauna from 13 river catchments in St. Lucia were sampled over a two year period. Multivariate techniques were used to detect the influence of farming activities and urban developments on macroinvertebrate community variation. Land use was the most significant correlate influencing the pattern of macroinvertebrate community variation. Stream chemistry was insignificant, with the exception of turbidity. Agricultural activity in the upper and middle catchments caused middle and lower stations to suffer more from the severity of spates and these had a deleterious affect on stream communities. Pollution sensitive fauna were more closely associated with undisturbed stations. Results from a hybrid analysis suggested that a significant variable was not included in the analysis. It is likely that hydrobiological data would have been a significant correlate in explaining macroinvertebrate community variation, as the spate frequency regime has been identified as a significant correlate in other sub/tropical environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1415-1445 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A reaction rate model of fracture in polymer fibers is described. This model assumes that bond rupture is governed by absolute reaction rate theory with a stress-aided activation energy. It is demonstrated that the key in obtaining good agreement between the model and experiment lies in taking proper account of the variation of stress on the tie-chain molecules. The more taut chains rupture first, and the load is redistributed among the remaining unruptured tie chains. The effect of varying the temperature both in the model and in experiments on fracture in fibers is explored. Good agreement between predictions of the model and experiment is possible only with an undeterstanding of the distribution in stress on the tie chains. The distribution in stress on the chains was experimentally determined by monitoring the kinetics of bond rupture with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Temperature is found to have two effects on macroscopic strength. (1) The thermal energy aids the atomic stress in breaking the atomic bonds; as a consequence the rate of bond rupture of a family of bonds under a given molecular stress is increased. In this respect temperature might be viewed as decreasing the “strength” of a bond. (2) Temperature also serves to “loosen” the molecular structure and in this way modify the distribution in stress on the tie chains. To explain bond rupture and macroscopic fracture behavior quantitatively, account must be taken of both effects.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 54 (1961), S. 471-489 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A method is demonstrated by which both crystallite orientation and spiral angle can be directly determined from the x-ray tracings of the 002 diffraction are of combed bundles of cotton fibers. Balls has shown that cotton has a spiral structure, and Sisson has shown qualitatively that these 002 arcs can be explained by applying two equal crystallite distributions separated by twice the spiral angle. If this distribution of crystallites is assumed to be a Gaussian distribution, the experimental are can be generated theoretically. This method of analysis is applied to x-ray data for decrystallized and mercerized cottons. X-ray diffraction shows the effects on fine structure of after-treatments, such as tension and boiling in water, applied to samples of slack amine-decrystallized and mercerized cotton yarns. The comparison of the calculated parameters with those of the gross arcs are given, as well as the relationships of these quantities to the tensioning force which produced them.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 54 (1961), S. 457-470 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A method is demonstrated by which both crystallite orientation and spiral angle can be directly determined from the x-ray tracings of the 002 diffraction arcs of combed bundles of cotton fibers. Sisson has shown, qualitatively, that the 002 arcs displayed by fibers with a spiral structure can be explained by assuming two equal crystallite distributions separated by twice the spiral angle. If this distribution of crystallites is assumed to be Gaussian, the experimental are can be generated theoretically. Such an analysis is applied to several cottons of widely different orientations and the calculated parameters are compared with those of the gross arcs.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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