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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 8 (1994), S. 698-701 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Laparoscopy ; Gallbladder ; Cancer ; Implantation ; Doubling time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) may inhibit the discovery of unsuspected gallbladder cancer, and the effect of LC on the prognosis of gallbladder cancer is unknown. We present two cases of unsuspected gallbladder cancer removed laparoscopically and report the discovery of peritoneal tumor implantation at the umbilical port site 21 days after LC. Although gallbladder carcinoma flow cytometry has been reported to be of prognostic value by Japanese investigators, this technique did not distinguish herein between an invasive adenocarcinoma and carcinoma in situ. A cellular doubling time of 56 h was calculated from one tumor. When unsuspected invasive gallbladder cancer is found after LC, laparoscopic port sites should be inspected at reoperation and, at a minimum, the port site through which the gallbladder was removed should be widely excised. This demonstration of cancer recurrence in laparoscopic port sites may limit the application of laparoscopy to elective cancer resection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 119 (1995), S. 91-100 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Biological organization ; GIS ; Isoline maps ; Latitudinal and longitudinal gradients ; Remote sensing ; Scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Biodiversity, although recongnized as encompassing several levels of biological organization, is often thought of as species diversity. Three diversity estimates were calculated for the conterminous United States using satellite data acquired from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR): land cover richness, vegetation richness, and vegetation clustering. Vegetation richness and vegetation clustering showed a scale-dependent relationship to elevation across the range of quadrat sizes from 500 to 50,000 mi2. All diversity measures increased east to west, with a rather abrupt transition at the Colorado Front Range. The longitudinal diversity gradients found in this study are in contrast to the reported latitudinal and longitudinal gradients for species diversity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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