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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of bipolar and monopolar diathermy probes in experimental animals (1985)
    Springer
    Urological research 13 (1985), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Diathermy ; Bipolar ; Tissue damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of monopolar and bipolar diathermy were studied in laboratory animals. The power required to coagulate transected vessels in air was established and the effect of immersion in saline and water during electrocoagulation was investigated. Tissue heat conduction from each type of probe was measured and compared. Tissue damage was assessed by light microscopy of histochemically stained sections. The bipolar system operated at a lower power output (13 W) with less heat conduction, and was unaffected by the surrounding medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261575
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of dissolved oxygen on the metabolic profile of a murine hybridoma grown in serum-free medium in continuous culture (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 54 (1997), S. 153-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma ; oxygen ; serum-free medium ; continuous culture ; antioxidant ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The murine B-lymphocyte hybridoma, CC9C10 was grown at steady state under serum-free conditions in continuous culture at dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in the range of 10% to 150% of air saturation. Cells could be maintained with this range at high viability in a steady state at a dilution rate of 1 d-1, although with lower cell concentrations at higher DO. A higher specific antibody production measured at higher DO was matched by a decrease in the viable cell concentration at steady state, so that the volumetric antibody titre was not changed significantly. An attempt to grow cells at 250% of air saturation was unsuccessful but the cells recovered to normal growth once the DO was decreased.There was a requirement for cellular adaptation at each step-wise increase in dissolved oxygen. Adaptation to a DO of 100% was associated with an increase in the specific activities of glutathione peroxidase (×18), glutathione S-transferase (×11) and superoxide dismutase (×6) which are all known antioxidant enzymes. At DO above 100%, the activities of GPX and GST decreased possibly as a result of inactivation by reactive oxygen radicals.The increase in dissolved oxygen concentration caused changes in energy metabolism. The specific rate of glucose uptake increased at higher dissolved oxygen concentrations with a higher proportion of glucose metabolized anaerobically. Short-term radioactive assays showed that the relative flux of glucose through glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway increased whereas the flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle decreased at high DO. Although the specific glutamine utilization rate increased at higher DO, there was no evidence for a change in the pattern of metabolism. This indicates a possible blockage of glycolytic metabolites into the TCA cycle, and is compatible with a previous suggestion that pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by high oxygen concentrations.Analysis of the oxygen uptake rate of cell suspensions at steady state under all conditions showed a pronounced Crabtree effect which was manifest by a decrease (up to 40%) in oxygen consumption on addition of glucose. This indicates that the degree of aerobic metabolism in these cultures is highly sensitive to the glucose concentration. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 153-164, 1997.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature on nucleotide pools and monoclonal antibody production in a mouse hybridoma (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 1235-1245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma ; monoclonal antibody ; temperature ; nucleotides ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The specific monoclonal antibody productivity (qMab) of a murine hybridoma (CC9C10) increased with incubation temperature in the range 33°C to 39°C. qMab was constant at each temperature and was independent of the phase of culture. The qMab increased 97% at 39°C and decreased by 21% at 33°C compared with controls at 37°C. Specific rates of substrate (glucose and glutamine) utilization and byproduct (lactate and ammonia) formation also increased with temperature but the yield coefficient, YLac/Llc' was constant for 33°C to 39°C and YAmm/Gin was constant for 37°C to 39°C. YAmm/Gin at 33°C was lower than the control. Changes in specific nucleotide concentrations and ratios were monitored by analysis of intracellular nucleotide pools. The NTP ratio, (ATP + GTP)/(UTP + CTP), increased and the U-ratio (UTP/UDP-GNac) decreased during the course of each culture, whereas the adenylate energy charge, (ATP + 0.5ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP), remained relatively constant at a value 0.8. The relative content of UDP-/N acetyl galactosamine, UDP-N acetyl glucosamine, and NAD increased with incubation temperature, whereas the relative ATP content, SA(ATP + ADP + AMP)/SU (UTP + UDP-sugars) ratio, purine/pyrimidine, ATP/GTP, and U-ratio decreased at higher incubation temperatures. It is possible that these nucleotide parameters may have a regulatory role in the changes of qMab observed at the higher temperatures. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260441011
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of the bacteriostatic properties of pure metals (1980)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 14 (1980), S. 653-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The effect of 16 pure metals on the in vitro growth of a form of dental caries producing Streptococcus mutans was studied under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Cobalt and copper were consistently observed to be inhibitory. With less consistency nickel, titanium, iron, and vanadium also exhibited ability to inhibit growth of the organism. Bacteriostasis apparently is contingent upon the presence of a corrosion process. The bacteriostatic agent is of uncertain identity and could be a corrosion product or a process secondary to the occurrence of corrosion. Concentrations of metals after 6 days of electrochemical dissolution in the growth medium were measured via electron microprobe analysis and compared with the amount of inhibition which resulted. Threshold concentrations above which growth did not occur were identified. As measured by threshold concentrations, wide variability between metals exists in the ability to inhibit the growth, with cobalt being particularly effective at small concentrations. This implies a sensitivity on the part of the organism that is different for different metals. The threshold concentration varied between aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Streptococcus mutans appeared more resistant to the effects of the metals under anaerobic conditions even though little difference in the amount of corrosion was detected.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820140511
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of physical parameters for cell attachment and growth on macroporous microcarriers (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 50 (1996), S. 627-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: microcarrier ; macroporous ; Vero ; cell attachment ; culture agitation ; pH ; serum ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rates of cell attachment of the anchorage-dependent mammalian cell line Vero to the gelatin-based macroporous microcarrier Cultispher-G were determined under various conditions. An optimal rate of attachment (0.98 × 10-2 min-1) occurred by an intermittent stirring regimen of 3 min stirring at 40 rpm per 33 min. This stirring regimen appeared to maximize cell-to-bead attachment and minimized cell aggregation which occurred at a broadly comparable rate.A further increase in the rate of cell-to-bead attachment occurred by preincubation of the microcarriers in serum-supplemented medium prior to cell inoculation in a serum-free medium. However, serum supplementation (〉5%) was required for maximal cell growth. The pH of the medium had little effect on cell attachment over a broad range (pH 7.1-8.0). An initial cell/bead inoculum of 30 ensured an even distribution of cells on the available microcarriers with a low proportion of unoccupied beads.The rate of cell attachment to Cultispher-G was an order of magnitude lower than the determined value for the charged dextran microcarrier Cytodex-1, which was measured as 9.05 × 10-2 min-1. The optimal conditions for cell attachment were significantly different for the two bead types. Cell attachment to the electrostatic surface of the Cytodex-1 microcarriers was highly dependent on pH and serum supplementation. Cell aggregation during attachment to the Cytodex-1 microcarriers was minimal because of the higher rate of cell-microcarrier attachment.The porous nature of the Cultispher-G microcarriers allowed a maximum cell/bead loading of 〉1400, which was at least 3 times higher than equivalent loading of the cells on Cytodex-1. The Cultispher-G matrix also allowed the use of higher agitation rates (up to 100 rpm) in spinner flasks without affecting the cell growth rate or maximum cell density. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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