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  • Bone densitometry  (2)
  • Hormone replacement therapy  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential risk factors for development of postmenopausal osteoporosis — Examined over a 12-year period (1991)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 1 (1991), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone densitometry ; Osteoporosis ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a longitudinal study, we investigated the influence of risk factors on bone mass at menopause and postmenopausal bone loss in 121 healthy postmenopausal women. These women had completed a 2-year prospective study in 1979 and a follow-up examination in 1989. Measurements of the bone mineral content in the distal forearm (single photon absorptiometry) were performed 9 times during the initial study and once at the follow-up examination. Bone mass at menopause (initial measurement), rate of early postmenopausal bone loss, and the subsequent rate of bone loss over 10 years were thus determined. In addition, the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 1989. Information about risk factors was assessed by standardized questionnaires and included reproductive history and lifestyle factors (intake of calcium and vitamin D supplements, consumption of alcohol and caffeine, smoking habits, and physical activity). Lactation, oral contraceptive use, and dietary calcium intake above 1500 mg per day was associated with significantly increased bone mass at menopause. The number of pregnancies reduced the rate of early postmenopausal bone loss, whereas moderate alcohol consumption reduced the subsequent rate of bone loss. Smoking significantly reduced femoral bone mineral density. In conclusion, the present prospective study showed that some of the examined putative risk factors positively influenced bone mass at menopause, especially calcium intake, whereas the postmenopausal bone loss was virtually unaffected. Assessment of risk factors in postmenopausal women thus seems to have limited value for reducing future risk of osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880450
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of degenerative conditions in the spine on bone mineral density and fracture risk prediction (1996)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 6 (1996), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone densitometry ; Degenerative conditions ; Fracture risk ; Osteophytosis ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the impact of degenerative conditions in the spine (osteophytosis and endplate sclerosis) and aortic calcification in the lumbar region on bone mineral content/density (BMC/BMD) measured in the spine and forearm by absorptiometry and on fracture risk prediction. The radiographs of 387 healthy postmenopausal women, aged 68–72 years, were assessed in masked fashion for the presence of osteophytosis, endplate sclerosis and aortic calcification in the region from L2 to L4. Vertebral deformities/fractures were assessed by different definitions. Osteophytes larger than 3 mm and in numbers of 3 or more resulted in a significantly (12%) higher spinal bone mass (p〈0.001). Endplate sclerosis had a similar effect (p〈0.001). In subjects with both degenerative conditions the BMC/BMD in the spine and forearm were significantly higher than in unaffected women (19% in the spine, 10% in the forearm;p〈0.001). The spinal BMD values were significantly lower in fractured women if both degenerative conditions were absent (p〈0.001), whereas fractured and unfractured women had similar values if degenerative conditions were present. Degenerative conditions did not alter the ability of forearm BMC to discriminate vertebral or peripheral fractures. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (true positive fraction versus false positive fraction) were generated for BMD of the lumbar spine and BMC of the forearm with regard to the discrimination between women with vertebral and peripheral fractures and healthy premenopausal women. The ROC curves for women without degenerative conditins were consistently above the curves for women affected by osteophytosis and endplate sclerosis in the lumbar spine (p〈0.001). In conclusion, osteophytes and endplate sclerosis have a considerable influence on spinal bone mass measurements in elderly postmenopausal women and affect the diagnostic ability of spinal scans to discriminate osteoporotic women. Our data suggest that in elderly women, unless the spine is radiologically clear of degenerative conditions, a peripheral measurement procedure should be considered an alternative for assessment of bone mineral content/ensity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01626537
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the menopause and hormone replacement therapy on the carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Collagen ; Hormone replacement therapy ; Menopause ; Oestrogen ; Osteoporosis ; Procollagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the effect of the menopause and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the serum concentration of carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), a potential new biochemical marker of bone resorption. A group of 44 healthy postmenopausal women, aged 45–54 years, had about 19% higher serum ICTP than did a group of 42 healthy premenopausal women aged 35–50 years (3.6±0.8 µg/l v 3.0±0.7 µg/l (mean ±SD);p〈0.01), although there was a large overlap in the values. The 44 postmenopausal women also participated in a longitudinal clinical study, in which 20 received HRT and 24 received a placebo. Compared with the placebo group, those who received HRT had a significant (p〈0.05) decrease in ICTP of about 12% at the end of 1 year of treatment, but again there was considerable overlap in the values. The menopause-and HRT-induced changes in ICTP were less than those seen in serum osteocalcin, serum total alkaline phosphatase, and fasting urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, calcium, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. We conclude that the menopause increases and HRT decreases ICTP, although these changes are less pronounced than those seen in other biochemical markers of bone turnover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622196
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-responders to hormone replacement therapy for the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss: Do they exist? (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. 36-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Hormone replacement therapy ; Oestrogen ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prevents postmenopausal bone loss, but the prevalence of non-responders in healthy early postmenopausal women is not known. In order to study this, we reviewed data from three published studies, each carried out in a randomized, placebo-controlled, longitudinal design over 2 year, that used seven hormone replacement therapies. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured in the distal forearm by single photon absorptiometry. A mathematical model for elimination of measurement errors was applied to published BMC data. After this correction, we found that only 1.2% of early healthy postmenopausal women who are receiving HRT in conventional doses will lose more than 1% of forearm BMC per year. In conclusion, most, if not all, healthy early postmenopausal women who might need HRT against loss of bone will respond positively in forearm BMC to such therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02352259
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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