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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early postmenopausal diminution of forearm and spinal bone mineral density: A cross-sectional study (1995)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 5 (1995), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone loss ; Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ; Lateral ; Postmenopausal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diminution of bone mineral density (BMD) in the spine and forearm was studied cross-sectionally in 363 women who were 6 months to 10 years postmenopausal. BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Hologic QDR-2000) in the lumbar spine, in both the supine lateral (LAT) and anteroposterior (AP) projections, and in the distal third of the forearm. The postmenopausal diminution of BMD was best described by an exponential fit. The initial rate of postmenopausal diminution of BMD was highest in the most trabecular sites (LAT〉AP〉 forearm), but 10-year diminution was similar at all sites (12%–13%, corresponding to about 1.0–1.5 SD), and extrapolation suggested reverse order of the rates of diminution thereafter (forearm〉AP〉LAT). When bone mineral content of the entire L3 vertebra (tBMC) was measured in vivo, AP tBMC could account for only 67% of the variation in LAT tBMC, compared withr 2=0.997 in vitro. This observation suggests an accuracy problem in vivo in one of the spine measurement methods. We conclude that the initial rate of BMD diminution after the menopause seems to be highest in the spine, especially when measured laterally, but that this rate levels off within the first decade. The lower precision error of a forearm measurement (0.8% v 1.6 for AP and 3.1 for LAT) therefore implies that this method may require a shorter observation period than spine measurements for the detection of bone loss 5–10 years after menopause. Long-term longitudinal spine and forearm measurements are, however, needed to confirm these conclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623656
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postmenopausal bone loss and the risk of osteoporosis (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. S47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Biochemical markers ; Bone loss ; Future risk ; Present risk ; Techniques of bone mass measurements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The two most important risk factors for long-term skeletal health are the peak bone mass and the subsequent rate of bone loss. The rate of bone loss after skeletal maturity is determined by both genetic factors and environmental factors. Furthermore, all factors that impair estrogen production will increase bone loss. The present risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures may be assessed by bone mass measurements in the total skeleton, or in local parts of the skeleton such as the spine, hip and forearm, by single-photon/X-ray absorptiometry (SPA or SXA), dual-photon/energy X-ray absorptiometry (DPA or DXA), or quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Furthermore, the rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women may be assessed by means of a number of biochemical markers. The fútúre risk of developing osteoporosis may thus be determined by combining the values for bone mineral content and bone loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623436
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the menopause and hormone replacement therapy on the carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Collagen ; Hormone replacement therapy ; Menopause ; Oestrogen ; Osteoporosis ; Procollagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the effect of the menopause and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the serum concentration of carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), a potential new biochemical marker of bone resorption. A group of 44 healthy postmenopausal women, aged 45–54 years, had about 19% higher serum ICTP than did a group of 42 healthy premenopausal women aged 35–50 years (3.6±0.8 µg/l v 3.0±0.7 µg/l (mean ±SD);p〈0.01), although there was a large overlap in the values. The 44 postmenopausal women also participated in a longitudinal clinical study, in which 20 received HRT and 24 received a placebo. Compared with the placebo group, those who received HRT had a significant (p〈0.05) decrease in ICTP of about 12% at the end of 1 year of treatment, but again there was considerable overlap in the values. The menopause-and HRT-induced changes in ICTP were less than those seen in serum osteocalcin, serum total alkaline phosphatase, and fasting urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, calcium, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. We conclude that the menopause increases and HRT decreases ICTP, although these changes are less pronounced than those seen in other biochemical markers of bone turnover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622196
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the menopause and hormone replacement therapy on serum carboxyterminal propeptide of type I collagen (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 50-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Collagen ; Gestogen ; Menopause ; Oestrogen ; Osteoporosis ; Procolgen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the effect of the menopause and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on the serum concentration of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), which is a biochemical marker of type I collagen synthesis. A group of 124 healthy postmenopausal women, aged 45–53 years, had about 20% higher serum PICP than did a group of 40 healthy premenopausal women aged 35–52 years (114±35 µg/1 vs. 95±26 µg/l (mean ± SD);p=0.002). The 124 postmenopausal women were also participating in a double-masked longitudinal study with two placebo groups and four different hormone replacement therapy groups. The four hormone regimens resulted in similar responses in serum PICP. Compared with placebo, 1 year of treatment with any of the four hormone replacement therapies significantly decreased serum PICP to premenopausal levels. We conclude that the formation of type I collagen is increased shortly after the menopause and that hormone replacement therapy reverses this increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623177
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical markers of bone turnover to monitor the bone response to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (1995)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 5 (1995), S. 276-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone loss ; Bone markers ; Treatment follow-up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prevents postmenopausal bone loss, and is therefore increasingly prescribed to prevent the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Because of individual differences in the response to HRT as well as problems with compliance, it has been debated how the skeletal response to HRT should be monitored. When estrogen production decreases at the menopause, a number of biochemical markers of bone turnover increase considerably in the order of 50%–100% from baseline. When HRT is instituted, the markers decrease again within the following 3–6 months. In the present prospective study we investigated whether the determination of biochemical markers of bone turnover may be useful for monitoring the skeletal effect of HRT. Seventy-six early postmenopausal women received HRT and 43 received placebo. The treatment period was 24 months and the women were followed with repeated bone mass measurements (every 3 months) which allowed calculation of the bone loss. Serum and urine samples were collected at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The placebo group lost a significant amount of bone mineral density in both the forearm and the spine (p〈0.001), whereas the HRT group did not. There was, however, a relatively large overlap of values between the HRT and placebo groups, especially in the spine. After 3 months' treatment the correlation between the changes in the markers and the bone loss wasr=0.59, and this value increased tor=0.66 at 6 months andr=0.76 andr=0.77 at 12 and 24 months, respectively. The present study thus indicates that biochemical markers of bone turnover may be of value for monitoring the bone response to HRT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01774018
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-responders to hormone replacement therapy for the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss: Do they exist? (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. 36-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Hormone replacement therapy ; Oestrogen ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prevents postmenopausal bone loss, but the prevalence of non-responders in healthy early postmenopausal women is not known. In order to study this, we reviewed data from three published studies, each carried out in a randomized, placebo-controlled, longitudinal design over 2 year, that used seven hormone replacement therapies. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured in the distal forearm by single photon absorptiometry. A mathematical model for elimination of measurement errors was applied to published BMC data. After this correction, we found that only 1.2% of early healthy postmenopausal women who are receiving HRT in conventional doses will lose more than 1% of forearm BMC per year. In conclusion, most, if not all, healthy early postmenopausal women who might need HRT against loss of bone will respond positively in forearm BMC to such therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02352259
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