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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (9)
  • Engineering  (4)
  • Borates  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Borates ; thermodynamics ; electrolytes ; Harned cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Potentials for the cell without liquid juction $$H_2 ,Pt|B(OH)_3 (m_1 ),NaB(OH)_4 (m_2 ),MCl_2 (m_3 )|AgCl,Ag$$ with M=Ca2+ or Mg2+ are reported over a range of ionic strength at 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55°C. Parameters of Pitzer's ion interaction treatment are determined for Ca(B(OH)4)2 and Mg(B(OH)4)2 by fitting to the cell results. Apparent association of alkaline earth borates to form the monovalent species CaB(OH) 4 + and MgB(OH) 4 + makes it necessary to use the extended β(2) form of the ion interaction treatment to represent the potentials reported here. Trace activity coefficients of calcium and magnesium borates are tabulated at various temperatures and ionic strengths. The association constants for ion pair formation implied by the values of β(2) for these salts are compared with ion pair formation constants available in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Borates ; aqueous ; thermodynamics ; electrolytes ; Harned cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Potentials for the cell without liquid junction $$H_2 ,Pt\backslash B(OH)_3 (m_1 ), MB(OH)_4 (m_2 ), MCl(m_3 )\backslash AgClAg$$ where M is sodium or potassium are reported over a range of ionic strength to I=3 mol-kg−1 at 5 to 55°C. Total boron concentration in the solutions was restricted to low levels to minimize formation of polynuclear boron species. Cell potentials are treated with the Pitzer ion interaction treatment for mixed electrolytes, with linear ionic strength dependence assumed for the activity coefficient of undissociated boric acid. Trace activity coefficients of sodium and potassium borates in chloride media are calculated at various temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 136 (1988), S. 312-318 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Biological effects of class 1 or class 2 heparin-binding growth factors (HBGFs) were compared in BALB/c-3T3 cells. Changes in protein synthesis, as monitored by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, reveal that while both HBGFs induce the same changes in the synthesis of intracellular proteins, class 2 HBGF selectively increases the synthesis of a 43-kD extracellular protein. Heparin, which potentiates the mitogenic activity of class 1 but not class 2 HBGF, does not potenitate the changes in protein synthesis elicited by HBGF-1. Since each HBGF increases actin synthesis, regulation of actin mRNA expression was examined. Actin mRNA levels increase rapidly and transiently in response to either HBGF, and similar superinduction responses are observed in the presence of HBGF and cycloheximide. Although the maximum increase in actin mRNA stimulated by either HBGF is similar, the levels of mRNA induced by class 2 HBGF remain elevated up to 48 hours compared to the level induced by class 1 HBGF. These results imply that in the same cell type class 1 and class 2 HBGFs may modulate some biological effects differently.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1083-1089 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An unsymmetric block Lanczos algorithm has been employed for the dynamic analysis of a large system which has arbitrary damping and/or repeated (or closely spaced) eigenvalues. In the algorithm development, the right and left Lanczos vectors are all theoretically biorthogonal to each other. However, these vectors may lose the biorthogonality owing to cancellation and roundoff errors. For the unsymmetric case there can be a breakdown, even without numerical errors. This paper describes computational techniques which have led to a robust unsymmetric block Lanczos algorithm.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 236 (1993), S. 390-398 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The geometric shape of the filamentous, intrafascicular type of muscle fiber ending was reconstructed as a basis for understanding the pattern in relay of the fiber's force to the muscle tendon. Single motor units (MUs) identified physiologically as being fast and slow, respectively, were isolated in cat tibialis muscles and glycogen-depleted for recognition in cross sections of the muscle frozen at its Lo. Serial measurements of cross-sectional area (CSA) using an image processing system were made along 14 intrafascicular endings of MU fibers and an additional seve, nondepleted fibers identified histochemically as slow. Comparison of coefficients of variation for the linear relation of the CSAs and of the equivalent diameters with length along the taper indicated that in both fast and slow fibers the areas bore a closer relationship, that is, the taper had the equivalent of a parabolic, rather than a conical outline. The implications of these two conformations to relay of the fiber's contractile force to surrounding structures are displayed graphically. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 123 (1955), S. 341-358 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 235 (1993), S. 381-389 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The physiological cross-sectional area (CSA) of a motor unit (MU), taken as the sum of fiber areas measured on a single section through the approximate midlength of the MU, has been compared with the physiological CSA more strictly defined as the sum of the maximal areas to be found anywhere along the length of each of the MU fibers. The CSA at intervals along the fiber length was measured in fibers selected from four glycogen-depleted, isolated MUs in the cat tibialis anterior (TA), and profiles of the summed areas made. In one MU, measurements were also taken on all the MU's fibers at less frequent intervals. The profiles demonstrate that the summed CSA based on each fiber's maximum CSA may exceed that derived from observation on any single section by as much as 20%. As a consequence, values that have been reported for specific tension (force per unit area) of MUs in the TA and probably other muscles may have been overestimated, especially for those MUs of fast type. Estimates were also made of the share of the MU's total force transmitted directly to the tendons of origin and insertion via endings of the blunt musculotendinous type as distinct from tapering intrafascicular endings acting through in-series connective tissue and non-MU fibers. In two MUs of slow type in which most fibers ran from tendon to tendon, “partial tapering” extending over 1 cm of the fiber length accounted for a third of the total physiological CSA, and indicated yet another mode for relay of the MU's force to the tendon. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 6 (1973), S. 323-332 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method, called the Lehmann-Maehly method, for determining upper and lower bounds for eigenvalues, which was introduced by Bazley and Fox4 in 1964, is applied to the determination of bounds to the frequencies of elastic systems. In reviewing the fundamental theory involved, the present paper emphasizes the physical significance of the adjoint operators T and T* employed. An error in the paper by Bazley and Fox is noted and it is pointed out that with the corrected theory it is possible to use the Lehmann-Maehly method as a procedure for computing converging sequences of upper and lower bounds merely by varying a constant, the shifting constant. Thus, sequences of bounds are shown to be easily obtainable without prior knowledge of rough bounds, and the procedure for obtaining the bounds is not significantly more difficult to apply than the familiar Rayleigh-Ritz method for upper bounds. Since displacements and stresses are independently varied, the displacement functions used in the approximation procedure are only required to satisfy prescribed displacement boundary conditions while the stress functions only need satisfy the natural (stress) boundary conditions. Operators are derived for a non- uniform beam based on Timoshenko beam theory. Tables of bounds computed by the Lehmann-Maehly method and also the Rayleigh-Ritz method are given as an illustrative example.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1841-1848 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, the effects of selecting initial vectors on computation efficiency for a subspace iteration method are investigated. Four algorithms are used for selecting the initial vectors. First, arbitrary starting iteration vectors are chosen according to Bathe and Wilson's algorithm.1 In the other algorithms, the initial vectors are the retrieved eigenvectors from the Guyan and quadratic reduction methods. Improvement of the eigenvalue approximations of the subspace iteration method over reduction methods is presented. The computation effort is examined for the various algorithms used for initial iteration vectors.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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