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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermodynamics of aqueous borate solutions. II. Mixtures of boric acid with calcium or magnesium borate and chloride (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 17 (1988), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Borates ; thermodynamics ; electrolytes ; Harned cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Potentials for the cell without liquid juction $$H_2 ,Pt|B(OH)_3 (m_1 ),NaB(OH)_4 (m_2 ),MCl_2 (m_3 )|AgCl,Ag$$ with M=Ca2+ or Mg2+ are reported over a range of ionic strength at 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55°C. Parameters of Pitzer's ion interaction treatment are determined for Ca(B(OH)4)2 and Mg(B(OH)4)2 by fitting to the cell results. Apparent association of alkaline earth borates to form the monovalent species CaB(OH) 4 + and MgB(OH) 4 + makes it necessary to use the extended β(2) form of the ion interaction treatment to represent the potentials reported here. Trace activity coefficients of calcium and magnesium borates are tabulated at various temperatures and ionic strengths. The association constants for ion pair formation implied by the values of β(2) for these salts are compared with ion pair formation constants available in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647311
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Activity Coefficients of HCl in HCl–Na2SO4 Solutions from 0 to 50°C and Ionic Strengths Up to 6 Molal (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 26 (1997), S. 31-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficient ; electromotive force ; Pitzer ; HCl ; Na2SO4 ; NaHSO4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electromotive force of HCl–Na2SO4 solutions has been determined from 5 to 50°C and ionic strengths from 0.5 to 6m with a Harned type cell $${\text{Pt; H}}_{\text{2}} ({\text{g, 1 atm}})|{\text{HCl(}}m_1 {\text{) + Na}}_{\text{2}} {\text{SO}}_{\text{4}} {\text{(}}m_2 {\text{)}}|{\text{AgCl, Ag}}$$ The results have been used to determine the activity coefficient of HCl in the mixtures. The activity coefficients have been analyzed with the Pitzer equations to account for the ionic interactions. The measurements were used to determine interaction coefficients (β0, β1) for NaHSO4 solutions from 5 to 50°C. The model represents the mean activity coefficients of HCl in the mixtures to ±0.005 over the entire temperature and concentration range of the measurements. The results have been combined with literature data to provide parameters that are valid from 0 to 250°C for NaHSO4 solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024433011426
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermodynamics of aqueous borate solutions I. Mixtures of boric acid with sodium or potassium borate and chloride (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 16 (1987), S. 791-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Borates ; aqueous ; thermodynamics ; electrolytes ; Harned cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Potentials for the cell without liquid junction $$H_2 ,Pt\backslash B(OH)_3 (m_1 ), MB(OH)_4 (m_2 ), MCl(m_3 )\backslash AgClAg$$ where M is sodium or potassium are reported over a range of ionic strength to I=3 mol-kg−1 at 5 to 55°C. Total boron concentration in the solutions was restricted to low levels to minimize formation of polynuclear boron species. Cell potentials are treated with the Pitzer ion interaction treatment for mixed electrolytes, with linear ionic strength dependence assumed for the activity coefficient of undissociated boric acid. Trace activity coefficients of sodium and potassium borates in chloride media are calculated at various temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650749
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The activity coefficiencts of HCl in HCl−Na2SO4 solutions from 0 to 50°C and ionic strengths up to 6 molal (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 26 (1997), S. 31-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficient ; electromitive force ; Pitzer, HCl ; Na2SO4 ; NaHSO4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electromotive force of HCl−Na2SO4 solutions has been determined from 5 to 50°C and ionic strengths from 0.5 to 6m with a Harned type cell $$Pt; H_2 (g, 1 atm)|HCl(m_1 ) + Na_2 SO_4 (m_2 )|AgCl, Ag$$ The results have been used to determine the activity coefficient of HCl in the mixtures. The activity coefficiencts have been analyzed with the Pitzer equations to account for the ionic interactions. The measurements were used to determine interaction coefficients (β0, β1) for NaHSO4 solutions from 5 to 50°C. The model represents the mean activity coefficients HCl in the mixtures to ±0.005 over the entire temperature and concentration range of the measurements. The results have been combined with literature data to provide parameters that are valid from 0 to 250°C for NaHSO4 solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439442
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkoxide Derived SrBi2Ta2O9 Phase Pure Powder and Thin Films (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 9 (1997), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: SrBi2Ta2O9 ; sol-gel ; thin films ; ferroelectric non-volatile memories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Phase pure powder and thin films of the novel ferroelectric materials SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) have been prepared using the organic precursors. The xero-gel formed was dried and characterized using TGA and DTA to determine the organic burn out and crystallization temperature of SBT. Powder X-ray diffraction was used systematically to check the crystallinity of SBT. Phase pure SBT powder was formed as low as 650°C and thin films at 600°C in comparison to other earlier reported work. SEM micrographs show a grain size of ∼0.1 μm and show crack free films with a film thickness of 2 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026468525300
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkoxide derived SrBi2Ta2O9 phase pure powder and thin films (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 9 (1997), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: SrBi2Ta2O9 ; sol-gel ; thin films and ferroelectric non-volatile memories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Phase pure powder and thin films of the novel ferroelectric materials SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) have been prepared using the organic precursors. The xero-gel formed was dried and characterized using TGA and DTA to determine the organic burn out and crystallization temperature of SBT. Powder X-ray diffraction was used systematically to check the crystallinity of SBT. Phase pure SBT powder was formed as low as 650°C and thin films at 600°C in comparison to other earlier reported work. SEM micrographs show a grain size of ≈0.1 μm and show crack free films with a film thickness of 2 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439340
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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