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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 3 (1993), S. 97-106 
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Soil transfer ; Reforestation ; Populus ; Phosphorus ; Boreal forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Soil transfers, presumed to contain mycorrhizal fungal inoculum from a native plant community, were applied to rooted cuttings and volunteer plants of Populus balsamifera L. to improve their growth on an abandoned mined site in south central Alaska. The objectives of the study were to determine (1) if these soil transfers could be substituted for additional P fertilizer when applied with a base level of NP fertilizer to improve growth, and (2) if P added to treatments receiving a base level of NP fertilizer and soil transfer would suppress mycorrhizal formation. Physical dimensions of plants were measured near the beginning and end of each of two growing seasons. Several plants per plot were harvested at the end of year 2 to determine mycorrhizal formation, current growth, and leaf nutrient concentrations. Plant height was significantly increased only when soil transfer and additional P treatments were combined. Response to additions of P fertilization alone or soil transfer alone were not significantly different from each other. Current twig growth increased with either treatment alone or both combined. Soil transfer on cuttings resulted in more ectomycorrhizal formation than either the control or additional P. Leaf N concentrations on cuttings and volunteers increased when plants were treated with soil transfer. Similar growth responses were achieved by soil transfers or additional P, but mycorrhizal formation was improved with the soil transfer treatments. P added to the base level plus soil transfer did not suppress or improve mycorrhizal formation compared to that with soil transfer alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 3 (1993), S. 107-114 
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Soil transfer ; Reforestation ; Populus ; Alnus ; Boreal forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Soil transfers from an intermediate successional site and a mature forest site were applied to Populus balsamifera L. cuttings and Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh seedlings placed on an abandoned mined site in south central Alaska to improve plant establishment. Mycorrhizal fungi in the soil transfers from the two successional stages were hypothesized to have different effects on plant species that colonize disturbed sites at different times or on different substrates. The site consisted of coarse, dry, low-nutrient spoils and was naturally colonized by scattered P. balsamifera but not A. crispa, although seed sources for both were adjacent to the site. Physical dimensions of the transplanted seedlings and cuttings were measured at the beginning and end of each growing season. Selected plants were harvested at the end of the 2-year study and examined for mycorrhizal formation, current growth, and leaf tissue nutrient concentrations. Both plant species were taller when treated with the soil transfers from the mature forest than with soils from the intermediate site although the increase for A. crispa was greater. Physical dimensions, current growth, and nutrient concentrations were greater when A. crispa was treated with the mature soil transfer compared with the intermediate soil transfer. Mycorrhizae which infected Alnus were predominantly a brown woody type, while other types accounted for greater relative mycorrhizal infection percentage on Populus. Insufficient quantities of mycorrhizal inoculum of suitable species, as well as low moisture and low nutrient conditions, may be factors limiting A. crispa colonization on primary disturbed sites in south central Alaska.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Chest trauma ; Pulse oximetry ; Emergency medicine ; Lung contusion ; Multi-system-trauma. ; Schlüsselwörter: Thoraxtrauma ; Pulsoxymetrie ; Notfallmedizin ; Lungenkontusion ; Mehrfachverletzung.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Thoraxtraumatisierte profitieren in besonderem Maße von einer adäquaten, zeitgerecht initiierten und konsequent fortgeführten notärztlichen Therapie. Gerade aber beim stumpfen Thoraxtrauma ist die präklinische Beurteilung der Verletzungsschwere mit einem hohen Grad an Unsicherheit verbunden. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, an einem Kollektiv von 255 Patienten den Nutzen eines adjuvanten präklinischen pulsoxymetrischen Monitorings hinsichtlich einer Optimierung der notärztlichen Diagnostik sowie Therapie beim stumpfen Thoraxtrauma zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung lassen den Schluß zu, daß die Pulsoxymetrie in Ergänzung zu der rein klinischen Beurteilung des Notfallpatienten eine wertvolle Hilfestellung bei der notärztlichen Diagnostik der Lungenkontusion sowie bei der Detektion eines Spannungspneumothorax leistet. Die Kombination von klinischer Untersuchung und pulsoxymetrischem Monitoring erlaubt demnach bereits präklinisch eine deutlich differenziertere notärztliche Diagnostik des stumpfen Thoraxtraumas, als dies bisher möglich war und schafft die Voraussetzungen für eine Optimierung der präklinischen Therapie.
    Notes: Summary. Chest trauma cases benefit to a great degree from adequate, timely initiated and consistent prehospital treatment. However, prehospital determination and evaluation of blunt chest trauma is associated with a high degree of uncertainety. The purpose of our study was to examine and determine, in a collective of 255 trauma patients, the value of additional prehospital pulse oximetric monitoring regarding the optimization of the emergency physician's diagnosis and treatment of blunt chest trauma. We conclude from our findings that, in addition to the physical examination, with the application of pulse oximetry the prehospital diagnosis of lung contusion as well as the early detection of tension pneumothorax are more accurate. Therefore, the combination of physical examination and pulse oximetric monitoring is a requirement for the optimization of prehospital diagnosis and therapy in blunt chest trauma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 45 (1996), S. 1196-1202 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Intraossäre Punktion ; Pädiatrischer Notfall ; Rettungshubschrauber ; Venöser Zugang ; Notfallmedizin ; Key words Intraosseous puncture ; Paediatric emergency ; Rescue helicopter ; Intravenous line ; Emergency medicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In prehospital emergency treatment, the timely establishment of a secure vascular access, especially in infants and small children, can be difficult or even impossible. An alternative to the puncture of peripheral or central veins is intraosseous (IO) puncture [6, 7]. However, experience with this method in prehospital emergency medicine within the Federal Republic of Germany is extremely limited at present [25]. After intensive theoretical and practical training of our trauma anaesthesiologists, IO puncture was introduced in our rescue helicopter program „Christoph 22“ as an alternative to peripheral or central venous puncture in the prehospital treatment of patients up to 6 years of age. IO puncture is indicated after a maximum of three failed peripheral venous puncture attempts. The purpose of this study was to collect data and summarise first-hand experience on the prehospital use of the IO method as well as the practicability of our prescribed IO puncture algorithm in order to subject them to critical review and evaluation. Materials and methods. A restrospective study by the rescue helicopter service „Christoph 22“ was carried out for the period 1 June 1993–31 August 1995. Results. In a total of 1,455 primary rescue missions flown, the proportion of patients ≤6 years of age, was 6.2% (n=90). Ten patients in this partial collective (11.1%) were subjected to IO puncture (Fig. 3). In all of these cases (10/10), the first IO puncture attempt was successful. A standardized puncture technique was performed using the proximal tibia [9]. The time required to successful placement of the IO infusion line was ≤60 s in all cases. Complications, especially incorrect needle position, did not occure during the study period. Materials infused by IO infusion before hospitalisation included crystalloids (Lactated Ringer's, Päd OPTM) as well as colloids (hydroxyethylstarch, human albumin), adrenaline, atropine, ketamine, thiopentone, diazepam, fentanyl, succinylcholine, and vecuronium (Table 3). Prehospital induction of general anaesthesia using the IO infusion line was required by 2/10 children; dosage and onset of administered drugs was described by the trauma anaesthesiologists as being similar to that using an IV infusion line. Seven of the patients had been treated prior to the arrival of the rescue helicopter team by other emergency medical personnel; in all of these cases multiple peripheral and in 3 additional central venous puncture attempts had failed (duration of attempts: 10–50 min). Upon arrival of the rescue helicopter, 5 of these patients had been pulseless and nonbreathing (Table 2). Conclusion. The IO infusion technique has proven to be a simple, fast, and safe alternative method of emergent access to the vascular system.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die zeitgerechte Schaffung eines sicheren venösen Zugangs zum Gefäßsystem ist im Rahmen der präklinischen Notfallversorgung von Säuglingen und Kleinkindern häufig schwierig oder gar unmöglich. Als Alternative zu der peripher-, insbesondere aber der zentralvenösen Punktion wird die intraossäre (IO) Punktion empfohlen. Nach intensiver theoretischer und praktischer Schulung der Notärzte wurde an der Rettungshubschrauberstation „Christoph 22“ die IO-Punktion für die Patientengruppe von bis zu 6 Lebensjahren als Alternative zur peripher- bzw. zentralvenösen Punktion eingeführt. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, nach über zweijähriger Anwendung dieser Methode die gesammelten Erfahrungen zusammenzufassen und einer kritischen Bewertung zu unterziehen. Bei insgesamt n PE =1455 Primäreinsätzen betrug der Anteil von Patienten mit ≤6 Lebensjahren 6,2%. Bei 10 Patienten (11,1% vom Teilkollektiv mit ≤6 Lebensjahren) wurde eine IO-Punktion durchgeführt und zur Applikation von Medikamenten bzw. Infusionslösungen genutzt. In allen Fällen (10/10) war der erste intraossäre Punktionsversuch erfolgreich (Punktionsort: proximale Tibia). Der Zeitbedarf für die Kanülenlage betrug ≤60 s. Komplikationen, insbesondere Kanülenfehllagen traten nicht auf. Eine medikamentöse Narkoseinduktion war bei 2/10 Patienten notwendig; die erforderliche Medikamentendosierung sowie die Dauer bis zum Wirkungseintritt wurde von den Notärzten als vergleichbar zu einem Vorgehen bei liegendem periphervenösen Zugang beschrieben. Die IO-Punktion hat sich unserer Erfahrung nach als einfache sowie sichere und schnelle Alternative bei schwierigen periphervenösen Venenverhältnissen bewährt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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