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Responses of toad's tectal neurons to in-phase and anti-phase movements of object and textured background (1990)

Tsai, H. -J.

Springer

Journal of comparative physiology 167 (1990), S. 857-863

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ISSN: 1432-1351

Keywords: Tectal neurons ; Textured background ; In-/anti-phase movements

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary A total of 56 tectal neurons in toads (Bufo japonicus) were quantitatively analyzed to study the influences of the moving background texture on the response of tectal neurons to moving objects. The tectal neurons responded not only to the black object but also to the textured one (8×8 ° square). Whilst the background texture (D=100 °) was moving synchronously with the object (i.e., in the “in-phase” movement condition), 53.5% of neurons were completely inhibited in response to the moving object. However, in the anti-phase movement condition, only 10% of neurons were completely inhibited and even 21.6% of neurons were facilitated. After masking the textured background in the central area of the ERF, some tectal neurons were slightly disinhibited in the “in-phase” condition, however, the strength of inhibition seemed to be increased slightly in the anti-phase condition. When the background of the surrounding area of the receptive field was masked, all tectal neurons clearly responded to the moving textured background in the central area of the excitatory receptive field alone and, therefore, it was rather difficult to discriminate between the spikes elicited by the moving object and those elicited by the moving background in both in-phase and anti-phase conditions. Some possible mechanisms are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189774

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Large eddy simulation of a developing turbulent boundary layer at a low Reynolds number (1990)

Tsai, H. M. ; Leslie, D. C.

Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 10 (1990), S. 519-555

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ISSN: 0271-2091

Keywords: Simulation ; Large eddy simulation ; Turbulence ; Boundary layer ; Developing flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: A spectral code has been used to simulate a developing turbulent boundary layer at low Reynolds number Reθ (based on free stream velocity and momentum thickness) between 353 and 576. The starting field was generated by allowing a step change of temperature to diffuse outwards from one wall in a fully developed channel flow. The thermal boundary layer so created was conditionally sampled to convert it into a momentum boundary layer with an irrotational free stream region, a process which is justified by appeal to experiments. This initial field was allowed to develop until the momentum boundary layer thickness δ995 had grown to about 1·5 times its original thickness.The results of the simulation have been compared with a wide range of experimental data. The outcome of this comparison is generally very satisfactory; the main trends of the experiments are well reproduced and our simulation supplements and extends the existing sets of experimental data. The simulation also gives pressure statistics which cannot be obtained experimentally. In particular, it gives the contribution of pressure diffusion to the balance equations for the Reynolds stress and indicates the error produced by omitting this term.

Additional Material: 24 Ill.