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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population growth in planktonic rotifers. Does temperature shift the competitive advantage for different species? (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 349-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: competition ; threshold food level ; Rotifera ; temperature ; Brachionus ; Synchaeta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The numerical response of populations to different food concentrations in an important parameter to be determined for a mechanistic approach to interspecific competition. Theory predicts that the species with the lowest food level (TFL) should always be the superior competitor if only one food source is offered. However, TFLs are not species specific constants but may change along environmental gradients such as food size or temperature. The hypothesis that temperature differentially affects the TFLs of three planktonic rotifers (Asplanchna priodonta, Brachionus calyciflorus and Synchaeta pectinata) was tested in laboratory experiments. Numerical responses were assessed for all three rotifers at 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28°C with Cryptomonas erosa as food alga. Growth rates of all three rotifers at high food concentrations (1 mg C l-1) increased as temperature increased until the limits of thermal tolerance were reached. This increase was very pronounced for Brachionus, but less for Synchaeta which already had relatively high growth rates at 12°C. Along the temperature gradient, the TFLs of Synchaeta increased from 0.074 to 0.66 mg C l-1, whereas those of Asplanchna and Brachionus stayed relatively constant at 0.3 and 0.2 mg C l-1, respectively. Hence, the zero net growth isocline (ZNGI) of Synchaeta crossed those of Brachionus and Asplanchna at 16 and 20.5°C, respectively. The results suggest that Synchaeta is better adapted to low temperatures than the other two rotifers and should be the superior competitor below 16°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017043222783
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population growth in planktonic rotifers. Does temperature shift the competitive advantage for different species? (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 349-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: competition ; threshold food level ; Rotifera ; temperature ; Brachionus ; Synchaeta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The numerical response of populations to different food concentrations in an important parameter to be determined for a mechanistic approach to interspecific competition. Theory predicts that the species with the lowest food level (TFL) should always be the superior competitor if only one food source is offered. However, TFLs are not species specific constants but may change along environmental gradients such as food size or temperature. The hypothesis that temperature differentially affects the TFLs of three planktonic rotifers (Asplanchna priodonta, Brachionus calyciflorus and Synchaeta pectinata) was tested in laboratory experiments. Numerical responses were assessed for all three rotifers at 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28°C with Cryptomonas erosa as food alga. Growth rates of all three rotifers at high food concentrations (1 mg C l-1) increased as temperature increased until the limits of thermal tolerance were reached. This increase was very pronounced for Brachionus, but less for Synchaeta which already had relatively high growth rates at 12°C. Along the temperature gradient, the TFLs of Synchaeta increased from 0.074 to 0.66 mg C l-1, whereas those of Asplanchna and Brachionus stayed relatively constant at 0.3 and 0.2 mg C l-1, respectively. Hence, the zero net growth isocline (ZNGI) of Synchaeta crossed those of Brachionus and Asplanchna at 16 and 20.5°C, respectively. The results suggest that Synchaeta is better adapted to low temperatures than the other two rotifers and should be the superior competitor below 16°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017043222783
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plotting of contours in a natural way (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1757-1769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple and straightforward scheme for plotting contours is introduced. For any function the appropriate contours are traced on the paths of constant function values disclosing the information contained in the shape functions. The exactness of the contours matches that of the finite element analysis. Extreme value considerations must be carried out to decide whether contours appear in an element at all. Three co-ordinate systems are dealt with: the local, the global and the screen co-ordinate system, and the necessary mutual transformations. A short section deals with the treatment of contour discontinuities across element borders which frequently occur with stresses and heat fluxes. Finally, some examples are shown.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240911
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiences in non-linear analysis of temperature fields with finite elements (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 59-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes practical experiences in dealing with non-linearities in temperature field calculations. First the use of the load vector for representing the heat radiation on the outer surfaces is reported. However, if there are also additional non-linearities in the conductance matrix, then it may happen that because of possible counteractions of the non-linearities no convergence is achieved, at least with the direct iteration. Therefore it is more appropriate to put the radiation terms into the conductance matrix where the other non-linearities, such as temperature dependent thermal conductivity and natural convection also appear. It is shown how the Newton-Raphson iteration can be applied in an easy way. In the case of temperature dependent heat sources the load vector also needs to be considered. The appropriate special measures are described.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240105
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treating exceptionally non-linear temperature fields (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 571-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: By some examples it is shown how to treat non-everyday heat transfer problems which are characterized by temperature dependent heat sources and heat radiation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250218
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computational methods for non-linear problems, edited by C. Taylor, D. R. J. Owen and E. Hinton, Pineridge Press, Swansea, 1987 (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 476-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280216
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The graphical representation of FE temperature field calculation results (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 601-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: After having finished the FE computer run and determined the temperature vector of a heat conducting body the question arises how to present these results in an easily understood way. The only tool to manage this task satisfactorily is the application of graphics. This paper reflects the due historical roots and gives an overlook of the relevant developments. Recently, there have been special advantages concerning finite element results presentations of temperature fields. This concerns the temperature field colouring, which can be considered as an indirect method of contouring, and the direct method of contouring, which means finding and connecting points of equal temperature. In the 3-D case these features are to be combined with hidden surface or hidden line removal techniques to give easily perceptible pictures. Sometimes, not just the temperatures but the heat fluxes attract the main interest. An adequate method is the drawing of heat flux arrows. This is taken into account, too. With 2-D problems, the presentations of temperature distributions by mountains is popular.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620300404
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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