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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 222-225 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain tumor ; Melanotic ganglioglioma ; Pineal ; Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A melanotic ganglioglioma was biopsied in the pineal region of a 12-month-old girl who preoperatively underwent a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for hydrocephalus and postoperatively received radiotherapy. The tumor was subtotally excised when the girl was 7 years and 4 months of age. Histologically, it demonstrated mature neurons in disorganized clusters and in well-differentiated cerebrum-like tissue, rare binucleated neurons, glia similar to normal gray matter, and bands of fibrous tissue containing heavily pigmented cells. Ultrastructurally, melanosomes of stages I to IV were identified in the pigmented cells. An origin involving retinal differentiation of the primitive pineal gland was not supported; the tumor was negative for both retinal S-antigen (MAbA9-C6) and cellular retinal-binding protein (CRALBP). This report demonstrates the ability of a cerebral neoplasm to contain neurons, glia, and melanin-containing cells; all of which are neuroectodermally derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: CHO ; IGF-I ; serum-free ; autocrine growth ; cell culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Insulin-like growth factor I has similar mitogenic effects to insulin, a growth factor required by most cells in culture, and it can replace insulin in serum-free formulations for some cells. Chinese Hamster Ovary cells grow well in serum-free medium with insulin and transferrin as the only exogenous growth factors. An alternative approach to addition of exogenous growth factors to serum-free medium is transfection of host cells with growth factor-encoding genes, permitting autocrine growth. Taking this approach, we constructed an IGF-I heterologous gene driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter, introduced it into Chinese Hamster Ovary cells and examined the growth characteristics of Insulin-like growth factor I-expressing clonal cells in the absence of the exogenous factor. The transfected cells secreted up to 500 ng/106 cells/day of mature Insulin-like growth factor I into the conditioned medium and as a result they grew autonomously in serum-free medium containing transferrin as the only added growth factor. This growth-stimulating effect, observed under both small and large scale culture conditions, was maximal since no further improvement was observed in the presence of exogenous insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: CHO ; insulin ; IGF-1 ; transferrin ; autocrine growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are widely used for the large scale production of recombinant biopharmaceuticals. Growth of the CHO-K1 cell line has been demonstrated in serum-free medium containing insulin, transferrin and selenium. In an attempt to get autocrine growth in protein-free medium, DNA coding for insulin and transferrin production was transfected into CHO-K1 cells. Transferrin was expressed well, with clones secreting approximately 1000 ng/106 cells/24h. Insulin was poorly expressed, with rates peaking at 5 ng/106 cells/24h. Characterisation of the secreted insulin indicated that the CHO cells were incompletely processing the insulin molecule. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to introduce a furin (prohormone converting enzyme) recognition sequence into the insulin molecule, allowing the production of active insulin. However, the levels were still too low to support autocrine growth. Further investigations revealed insulin degrading activity (presumably due to the presence of insulin degrading enzymes) in the cytoplasm of CHO cells. To overcome these problems insulin-like growth factor I (instead of insulin) was transfected into the cells. IGF-1 was completely processed and expressed at rates greater than 500 ng/106cells/24h. In this paper we report autonomous growth of the transfected CHO-K1 cell line expressing transferrin and IGF-1 in protein-free medium without the addition of exogenous growth factors. Growth rates and final cell densities of these cells were identical to that of the parent cell line CHO-K1 growing in insulin, transferrin, and selenium supplemented serum-free media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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