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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Chemotherapie ; ALL ; AML ; Anfälle ; Kernspintomographie ; Infratentoriell ; Key words Chemotherapy ; ALL ; AML ; Seizures ; MRI ; Infratentorial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Two children on chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) had initially focal, then generalized seizures of short duration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed in one case minor parietal, cortical and subcortical increased signal on T2-weighted images. In a second case extended supratentorial lesions and additional signal changes in the cerebellum were found. Although chemotherapy was continued, a few days later signal changes were considerably reduced or had disappeared. We consider these lesions to be seizure induced in a brain previously sensitized by chemotherapy. Discussion: If post-ictal MRI-imaging shows signal changes, differential diagnosis has to consider other reasons like leukemic infiltrations, encephalitis or hypertensive encephalopathy. However, before extensive diagnostic procedures (e.g. repetitive lumbar punctures) are undertaken, a short-term MRI follow-up should be performed: reversibility within a few days can render the differential diagnosis of transient epileptogenic changes very likely. A temporary anti-epileptic treatment seems to be indicated. Chemotherapy has not to be suspended.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 2 Kindern kam es während des ersten Zyklus einer Chemotherapie bei akuter myeloischer Leukämie und akuter lymphatischer Leukämie zu kurzdauernden fokalen, sekundär generalisierten Krampfanfällen. Die kernspintomographische Untersuchung am Anfallstag bzw. 2 Tage postiktal zeigte in 1 Fall nur geringere supratentorielle subkortikale Signalanhebungen im T2-gewichteten Bild. Im 2. Fall fanden sich sowohl ausgedehnte supra- als auch infratentorielle Veränderungen. Trotz Fortsetzung der Chemoterapie waren diese nach wenigen Tagen bereits deutlich rückläufig bzw. rückgebildet. Sie werden daher als anfallsbedingte Veränderungen im Zusammenwirken mit der Chemotherapie angesehen. Diskussion: Bei unmittelbar postiktal gefundenen kernspintomographischen Veränderungen sind differentialdiagnostisch andere Ursachen (zerebrale Beteiligung im Rahmen der Grundkrankheit, entzündlich, hypertensiv) zu erwägen. Ähneln jedoch die gefundenen Läsionen morphologisch den hier beschriebenen, so empfiehlt sich eine kurzfristige Verlaufskontrolle bevor weitergehende diagnostische (z.B. wiederholte Lumbalpunktionen) oder therapeutische Maßnahmen ergriffen werden: Anfallsinduzierte Veränderungen sind nach unserer Erfahrung innerhalb weniger Tage rückläufig. Eine vorübergehende antikonvulsive Behandlung scheint sinnvoll. Die Chemotherapie braucht nicht unterbrochen zu werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Perfusion-weighted MRI ; Cerebral perfusion ; Parameter images ; Cerebrovascular disease ; Brain tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to analyse specific advantages of calculated parameter images and their limitations using an optimized echo-planar imaging (EPI) technique with high spatial and temporal resolution. Dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) was performed in 12 patients with cerebrovascular disease and in 13 patients with brain tumours. For MR imaging of cerebral perfusion an EPI sequence was developed which provides a temporal resolution of 0.68 s for three slices with a 128 × 128 image matrix. To evaluate DSC-MRI, the following parameter images were calculated pixelwise: (1) Maximum signal reduction (MSR); (2) maximum signal difference (ΔSR); (3) time-to-peak (Tp); and (4) integral of signal-intensity-time curve until Tp (SInt). The MSR maps were superior in the detection of acute infarctions and ΔSR maps in the delineation of vasogenic brain oedema. The time-to-peak (Tp) maps seemed to be highly sensitive in the detection of poststenotic malperfused brain areas (sensitivity 90 %). Hyperperfused areas of brain tumours were detectable down to a diameter of 1 cm with high sensitivity ( 〉 90 %). Distinct clinical and neuroradiological conditions revealed different suitabilities for the parameter images. The time-to-peak (Tp) maps may be an important advantage in the detection of poststenotic “areas at risk”, due to an improved temporal resolution using an EPI technique. With regard to spatial resolution, a matrix size of 128 × 128 is sufficient for all clinical conditions. According to our results, a further increase in matrix size would not improve the spatial resolution in DSC-MRI, since the degree of the vascularization of lesions and the susceptibility effect itself seem to be the limiting factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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