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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 17 (1996), S. 393-399 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) ; JC virus (JCV) ; Papovavirus ; Immunodeficiency ; HIV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario La leucoencefalopatia progressiva multifocale (PML) è una rara malattia demienilizzante del sistema centrale causata da un papovavirus neurotropo denominato virus JC (JCV). Le regioni più frequentemente interessate sono gli emisferi cerebrali, con particolare riguardo alla regione parieto-occipitale, seguiti da cervelletto e troncoencefalo. La malattia si manifesta prevalentemente nel corso di malattie che determinano immunodepressione con alterazione della immunità cellulare (CMI). L'aumentato impiego di terapie radianti e immunosoppressive in relazione al diffondersi delle tecniche di trapianto o per il trattamento di malattie autoimmuni e tumorali, oltre alla comparsa della sindrome di immunodeficienza acquisita (AIDS), determinata dal virus della immunodeficienza umana (HIV), hanno determinato un considerevole incremento di frequenza della PML. IL decorso della malattia è il più delle volte rapido e fatale, tuttavia sono stati segnalati parecchi casi con sopravvivenza prolungata o addirittura remissione, cosa che ha indotto a sperimentare l'efficacia di vari trattamenti antivirali. Il solo farmaco dimostratosi finora efficace è la citosina arabinoside. In alcuni pazienti HIV positivi con PML la terapia immunomodulante con AZT/zidovudina può alleviare il decorso della malattia e migliorare la prognosi. Il sospetto di PML deve indurre ad uno studio immunologico completo prima di ricorrere alla biopsia cerebrale che rappresenta l'unico test diagnostico specifico. L'aumentata frequenza di osservazione della PML in relazione all'infezione HIV porterà probabilmente ad un miglioramento delle nostre conoscenze sulla patogenesi, con conseguente sperabile messa a punto di strategie terapeutiche efficaci.
    Notes: Abstract Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) is a rarely occurring demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by a neurotropic papovavirus named JC virus (JCV). The most frequently affected regions are the cerebral hemispheres, especially the parietooccipital region, followed by the cerebellum and brain stem. The disease occurs predominantly in individuals with an immunocompromised state and impaired cellular mediated immunity (CMI) due to other underlying illness. More extensive use of irradiation and immunosuppressive therapy in relation to increased transplantational activities as well as treatment of autoimmune diseases and malignancies, in addition to the appearance of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a consequence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has caused a considerable increase in the occurrence of PML. The course of the disease is still most often rapidly progressive and fatal, but several cases with prolonged survival and even remission have been reported, and various antiviral treatments have been tried. The only drug that until now has shown favourable results is cytosine arabinoside. In HIV-infected PML-patients immunomodulation with AZT/zidovudine may alleviate the course and improve the prognosis in some patients. Suspicion of PML should lead to an extensive immunological investigation before considering of brain biopsy, which is still the only specific test. On the basis of the increased frequency of PML in relation to HIV-infection, it is likely that our knowledge of the pathogenetic aspects will increase, which, hopefully, may lead to an effective therapeutic strategy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: antimicrotubule agents ; colchicine treatment ; haploids ; oil seed rape ; Brassica napus ; microspore embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The potential of colchicine and the microtubule depolymerizing herbicides trifluralin, oryzalin, and amiprophosmethyl (APM) for in vitro chromosome doubling during B. napus microspore culture was studied. Colchicine was administered during the first 6, 12 or 24 h of culture with 8 different concentrations up to 3 mM, and herbicides at 6 different concentrations up to 30 μM for 12 h. Treatments with moderate concentrations of colchicine (3–100 μM) produced a small increase in embryo production, while concentrations above 300 μM were toxic. Colchicine treatment for 12 h resulted in higher embryo production than treatment for 6 and 24 h. Duration of treatment and concentration of colchicine both had a significant effect on the chromosome doubling. The highest diploidization rates (94% diploid regenerants) were seen after 24 h treatment with 1 mM colchicine. All three herbicides were similar to colchicine in terms of their effect on embryo formation and chromosome doubling comparable to the one of colchicine, but at concentrations approximately 100 times lower. APM was less toxic than trifluralin and oryzalin, but no significant difference in chromosome doubling efficiency was detected between the compounds. The 12 h treatment resulted in a maximum of approximately 65% diploid regenerants with all three herbicides, but APM may have an advantage because of its less toxic effects. Prolonged treatment with APM (20–24 h) may produce 95–100% diploid regenerants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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