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  • 1
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of galactaric acid acetate bis[alkylthio(thiocarbonyl)]hydrazide (1, 2) is described. Selective cyclisation of both hydrazides 1 and 2 was investigated. Phosphorous oxychloride as cyclising agent led to dehydrative cyclisation and produced 1, 2, 3, 4-tetra-O-acetyl-1, 4-bis(5-S-methyl or  -  benzyl) 1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl galactotetritol (3) or (4). While thionyl chloride led to dehydrosulfurization and gave 1, 2, 3, 4-tetra-O-acetyl-1, 4-bis(5-S-methyl or -benzyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl galactotetritol (5) or (6). Finally with triethyl orthoformate as cyclising agent, compounds 1 or 2, gave 3, 3′-(2, 3, 4, 5-tetra-O-acetyl-galactar-1.6 dioyl)bis[2-ethoxy-2, 3-dihydro-5-S-methyl or benzyl 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole] (7) or (8).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; Peripheral blood leucocytes ; Pokeweed mitogen ; Bullous pemphigoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 277 (1985), S. 307-312 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Bullous pemphigoid ; Immunoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary T Cells from 14 patients in the active stage of bullous pemphigoid and 10 patients in the inactive stage of the disease were studied with Leu-1, Leu-2, and Leu-3 monoclonal antibodies. The proportions of total T cells and T cells expressing either helper or suppressor phenotype in the peripheral blood of patients were not significantly different to those observed in normal subjects. In 15 patients with active disease, immunoregulatory mechanisms were functionally studied using an assay measuring the amount of total IgG synthesized in vitro. Peripheral-blood leukocytes were seearated into T- and B-cell fractions, and cultured in various combinations. In ten experiments, prior to culturing with B cells, the T cells were irradiated to remove their suppressor function. No statistically significant differences were observed in the amount of total IgG synthesized by B cells obtained from patients and normal subjects when they were cultured with untreated T cells or irradiated T cells obtained from patients or normal controls. These results indicate that, in patients with bullous pemphigoid, there is no loss of suppressor-cell function or increased helper-cell function as assessed by measuring the total IgG synthesized. Therefore, the immunoregulatory defect, if present, is a highly specific one and can only be studied using antigen-specific assays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 276 (1984), S. 330-332 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Interleukin 2 ; Bullous pemphigoid ; Autoimmunity ; Immune regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 4 (1984), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Bullous pemphigoid ; blisters ; lymphocytes ; lymphotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid was examined by assaying the blister fluid obtained from bullous pemphigoid patients for the presence of the lymphokine, lymphotoxin. Blister fluids from six bullous pemphigoid were assayed on L-929 target cells for the presence of cytolytic molecules in the standard lymphotoxin assay. Three of six blister fluids obtained from bullous pemphigoid patients and one linear IgA bullous dermatosis patient contained significant levels of cytolytic activity. Control blister fluids from suction blisters, herpes, pemphigus, and toxic epidermal necrolysis patients did not contain cytolytic activity. Serum from five bullous pemphigoid patients also had no cytolytic activity. Neutralization studies using rabbit anti-α-lymphotoxin demonstrated that 54 to 88% of the cytolytic activity found in bullous pemphigoid blister fluid was due to α-lymphotoxin. These results indicate that lymphotoxin is locally released in the skin of bullous pemphigoid lesions and is detectable in blister fluids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Bullous pemphigoid ; basement membrane zone ; peripherial blood leukocytes ; autoimmunity ; immunoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from patients with bullous pemphigoid stimulated by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) produce an anti-basement membrane-zone (BMZ) antibody. The antibody producedin vitro was biosynthetically radiolabeled, and its binding to the BMZ was histologically demonstrated by autoradiography. The IgG nature of the antibody was evidenced by the fact that it was absorbed by rabbit anti-human IgG antiserum immunoabsorbents. The peak antibody productionin vitro occurred after 6 days of culture. Antibody producedin vitro did not bind to the BMZ of human skin, but it did bind to the BMZ of the monkey esophagus. Normal human volunteers and control patients did not produce such an antibody. In other experiments the effects of adding serum containing anti-BMZ antibody to the synthesis of Ig by cells of patients and normal subjects were studied. Although serum from patients with bullous pemphigoid stimulated Ig production with either normal or BP-patient PBL, the difference was not statistically significant. The availability of the assay system allows for studying the immunoregulatory mechanism of autoantibody production in bullous pemphigoid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 1909-1919 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Further ESCA data of the solid residues obtained by supercritical extraction of Populus tremuloides are reported. The changes of the ESCA spectra with the severity of grinding are discussed. These data allow us to draw precise conclusions on the spatial distribution of carbonaceous recondensed material as thermal conversion proceeds. The C1s peaks are of special interest as the distribution of the four components in these peaks bears information on the nature of the chemical compounds present on the surface of the sample.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Nucleosides ; HIV ; 3′-Fluoronucleosides ; FLT analogues ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2,4(1H,3H)-Quinazolinediones 3a-c, lumazine (3d) and thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (8) were silylated and condensed with methyl 2,3-dideoxy-3-fluoro-5-O-(4-phenylbenzoyl)-β-D-erythro-pentofuranoside (2) by using trimethylsilyl triflate as a catalyst to afford the corresponding cyclic nucleosides 4 and 9 and acyclic nucleosides 5 and 10. Removal of the protecting group from the glycon moiety was achieved in good yields by treatment with sodium methoxide in methanol at room temperature. The new FLT analogues were devoid of activity against HIV-1 and HSV-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; dead time ; multiparametric least-squares adjustment ; homologous series ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---In reversed phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), the validity of a multiparametric non-linear least-squares regression iterative method for the determination of the column dead time tM and the regression parameter (slope b), based on the use of alkan-2-ones, alkyl aryl ketones, and 1-nitroalkanes has been evaluated. The determination of tM and b has been extensively studied for two mobile phase systems acetonitrile-water and methanol-water on seven octadecyl-C18 and one octyl C8 analytical columns. The calculated tM and b values were compared with those obtained by Guardino's and Grobler's methods. The influence exerted thereon by the nature of the homologous series, the mobile phase composition, and the packing materials were investigated.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45 (1994), S. 242-248 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von oberflächenaktiven Stoffen auf die Korrosion der amorphen Legierung 76Ni-24P in neutralen LösungenDie Legierung 76Ni-24P- wurde elektrolytisch aus Lösungen abgeschieden, die zur, Verbesserung der Oberflächenqualität Natriumlaurylsulfat (SLS) und Triton-X 100 (TX-100) enthielten. Das Korrosionsverhalten dieser amorphen Legierungen wurde in Sulfat- und Chloridlösungenbei 25°C untersucht, und zwar mittels Potential-Zeit-Verhalten, linearem Polarisationswiderstand und potentiodynamischen Methoden. Die anodischen Polarisationskurven zeigen, daß die Legierung bei Potentialen zwischen etwa -200 und 200 mV (SCE) eine gewisse Passivität erreicht und oberhalb 200 mV (SCE) transpassiv in Lösung geht. In der Sulfatlösung ist die Auflösung der NiP-Legierung verstärkt, bei deren Abscheidung auf Messing oberflächenaktive Stoffe anwesend waren. Nichtanionische oberflächenaktive Stoffe erhöhen dabei den Korrosionsstrom um den Faktor 10, anionische hingegen um den Faktor 400. Zur Erklärung wird angenommen, daß in der Sulfatlösung bevorzugt die Mikrokristalle gelöst werden; eine Rolle spielt auch die sterische Behinderung der oberflächenaktiven Stoffe. In Chloridlösung sind die Legierungen bestandiger, da dann ein Phosphat/Hypophosphit-Film entsteht, der die Auflösung der Oberfläche verhindert.
    Notes: 76Ni-24P amorphous alloys have been electrodeposited from solutions containing sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and triton-X 100 (TX-100) to improve the surface quality of the specimens. Corrosion behaviour of electrodeposited amorphous alloys in sulphate and chloride solutions at 25°C has been studied by potential-time decay, linear polarization resistance and potentiodynamic techniques. Anodic polarization curves show that the specimens exhibit mild passivity at potentials between approximately -200 mV and 200 mV (SCE) and dissolve transpassively above 200 mV (SCE). The sulphate solution was found to increase the dissolution of the samples treated by the surfactants during the substrate brass plating. The nonanionic surfactant increases the corrosion current by 10 times compared to the anionic one which enhances the current by 400 times; the interpretation was based on the enhanced dissolution of the microcrystals of the specimens in the sulphate solution and to the steric hindrance of the surfactants. In addition, the alloys are more resistant to chlorides due to the formation of a phosphate/hypophosphite film which protects the surface from dissolution.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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