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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositional changes in the underlying alloy produced by the oxidation of Ni-Cr alloys (1978)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 439-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: alloy oxidation ; Ni-Cr alloys ; diffusion ; depletion zones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Compositional changes in the alloy beneath scales have been examined for the oxidation of Ni-27.4%Cr and Ni-40.2% Cr in 1 atm oxygen in the temperature range 1073–1473°K. Calculations of the rate of approach of the interfacial alloy composition to a constant value are compared with experimental data. Theoretical chromium depletion profiles obtained using both a finite difference analysis and an analytical expression are shown to be essentially equivalent and in good agreement with experimental measurements. The consequences of alloy depletion for the scaling behavior, when the protective scale is ruptured, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612089
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alloy depletion profiles resulting from the preferential removal of the less noble metal during alloy oxidation (1978)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 413-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: alloy oxidation ; diffusion ; alloy depletion profiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The assumptions involved in Wagner's original treatment of alloy depletion profiles are examined and found to be acceptable for many situations. Finite difference analyses do not result in profiles which are significantly different from those obtained by the much simpler analytical solution once steady-state parabolic growth is established. Consequently an analytical solution is preferred and its combination with the classical Wagner expression for scale growth leads to a unified description of alloy oxidation when only the least noble metal is oxidized. The description is tested for an Fe-27.4wt.% Cr alloy oxidized at 1273°K and agreement between theoretical and experimental results is satisfactory. Alternative treatments of alloy oxidation which require that there be no recession of the alloy-scale interface are discussed and it is concluded that this assumption is unnecessarily restrictive in many cases. Suggestions that the oxidation of austenitic steels is controlled by diffusion in the alloy and that an interfacial transfer step is of importance in determining the oxidation rate in some cases are shown to be based on invalid assumptions. An analytical solution to the diffusion equation is developed for the case when a phase change occurs in the alloy because of less noble metal depletion and an expression is also presented for the profile developed in the limiting case where depletion is determined by scale evaporation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612088
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Butyltin compounds in severn sound, lake huron, canada (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 8 (1994), S. 385-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Butyltin ; marinas ; Severn Sound ; Lake Huron ; Canada ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Severn Sound is a heavily used recreational and beating area in the southeast corner of Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, Canada. Because of the concern over the possible release of tributyltin species (TBT) from antifouling paints on boat hulls and marinas, surveys were carried out in 1989 and 1992 to determine the presence of this species and its degradation products dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) in this area. Many fish (pike and young-of-the-year spottail shiners) and sediment samples collected in 1989 contained detectable levels of TBT. A maximum concentration of TBT was recorded in northern pike in the spring to be 240 ng Sn g-1. Maximum levels occurred in marinas during the beginning of the boating season and significantly reduced during the summer and early autumn, although the maximum value of TBT in sediment (392 ng Sn g-1) was observed in the summer of 1989. The seasonal variation of TBT levels was further substantiated in the subsequent 1992 study, in which sediments from three areas in a marina were sampled at monthly intervals from May to October. TBT levels were much higher in May and then generally decreased with time. Mussels (Elliptio complanta) caged in the marina for three months also contained TBT. DBT was frequently detected in the sediments but less frequently in fish and mussels. MBT was generally below detection limits. Plants (macrophytes and cladophora) contained very small amounts of butyltin compounds.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590080412
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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