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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 55 (1984), S. 158-166 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: C-nociceptor ; Pain ratings ; Microelectroneurography ; Man ; Signal detection theory ; CO2 laser stimuli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Microelectroneurographic studies in man allow the comparison of stimulus induced activity in the single peripheral nerve unit with the subject's ratings of sensation. Relationships between stimulus intensity, single unit discharges, and pain ratings were investigated using a CO2 laser stimulator which delivers radiant heat pulses of 50 ms duration. Recordings were performed percutaneously from the radial nerve at the wrist. Receptor types were identified by their response to different stimulus modalities and by their reaction delay to electrical test stimuli within the receptive field. Receptive fields of identified units were stimulated with randomised series of different radiant heat intensities between half and double the individual pain threshold (5 to 20 W; stimulation area 64 mm2). The largest receptor class observed to be activated by CO2 laser stimuli were polymodal C-nociceptors. None of them was spontaneously active. High discharge rates up to 75/s were not necessarily associated with pain but, if pain was felt, the impulse trains usually lasted for more than 60 ms. Inter-spike intervals were distributed over a wide range between 8 and 145 ms with a peak at about 25 ms. This peak was only slightly shifted by increasing the stimulus intensity. Higher correlations were found between the number of spikes and stimulus intensity. Measures of Signal Detection Theory indicated that the single unit discharges discriminated stimulus intensities better than the subjects' ratings. These findings underline the importance of temporal summation in the processing of C-fibre input with a considerable loss of information in the nociceptive system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 306 (1969), S. 153-164 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Repetitive Activity ; Sodium Rectification ; Ranvier Node ; Short Reverse Double Pulses ; Repetitive Aktivität ; Na-Gleichrichtung ; Isolierte Froschnervenfaser ; Kurze gegensinnige Doppelimpulse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Nullinien-symmetrische Ströme aus kurzen gegensinnigen Doppelimpulsen von je 50+50 μsec Dauer erzeugen an der Membran des isolierten Ranvierschen Schnürrings eine Verschiebung des mittleren Membranpotentials in Richtung Depolarisation und eine ausgeprägte repetitive Aktivität. Diese besteht in einer gleichmäßig wiederkehrenden Auslösung von Aktionspotentialen mit Frequenzen, die durch Stärke des Reizstromes und Größe des Ruhepotentials bestimmt sind. 2. Bei stärkeren Reizströmen geht die repetitive Aktivität der Membran nach einigen, in ihrer Höhe rasch abnehmenden Aktionspotentialen über in ein unterschwelliges Oscillieren des mittleren Membranpotentials um eine sich einstellende steady-state-Depolarisation. Bei Beendigung der Doppelimpuls-Salve mit dem depolarisierenden Impuls wird noch einmal ein Aktionspotential ausgelöst. 3. Versuche an dem mit 6 mM-TEA-Ringer bespülten Schnürring zeigen eine prinzipiell gleiche repetitive Aktivität; die steady-state-Depolarisation ist jedoch deutlich größer. In Cholin-Ringer wird das mittlere Membranpotential nicht verschoben; die durch die aufeinanderfolgenden Doppelimpulse hervorgerufenen Potentialschwankungen erfolgen gleichmäßig um das Ruhepotential. 4. Diese Befunde stehen in guter Übereinstimmung mit den Aussagen der Frankenhaeuser-Huxley-Gleichungen.
    Notes: Summary 1. Long trains of reverse (anodal-cathodal and cathodal-anodal) double pulses of 50+50 μsec duration shift the average membrane potential of the isolated node of Ranvier in the direction of depolarization and induce sustained repetitive activity. The spike frequency depends on the strength of the stimulating current and on the value of the resting (steady state) potential. 2. With stronger currents a few action potentials of decreasing amplitude are observed followed by damped subthreshold oscillations of the average membrane potential around a steady state depolarization. If the train of double pulses ends with a depolarizing pulse one more action potential is elicited. 3. Superfusion of the Ranvier node with Ringer's solution containing 6 mM TEA does not influence the repetitiousness; the steady state depolarization is significantly increased. In choline Ringer's solution no shift of the average potential is seen. 4. These experimental findings agree with the predictions of the Frankenhaeuser-Huxley equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 328 (1971), S. 155-169 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Repetitive Activity ; Muscle Membrane ; Sodium Rectification ; Anomalous Rectification ; Short Reverse Double Pulses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Changes in membrane potential of frog skeletal muscle fibres (m. iliofibularis) due to alternating current (ac) up to 10 kHz and direct current (dc) are recorded with two intracellular microelectrodes. 2. Stimulation by ac with frequencies above 500 Hz induces a mean depolarization $$\bar Vm{\text{ }} \bullet {\text{ }}\bar Vm$$ depends in a small range on the strength of the ac stimulus, and reaches a maximum of about 50 mV with stronger currents. When related to the absolute membrane potentialE m , this maximum $$(\bar E_m )max = E_m + (\bar Vm)max = - 45 mV$$ is hardly affected by alterations ofE m ; below a membrane potential of −45 mV the depolarizing effect of ac stimulation is negligible. 3. The mean depolarization $$\bar V_m $$ is explained mainly by rectification in the sodium channel; this interpretation is proved by the almost complete abolition of $$\bar V_m $$ in sodium free solution or in Ringer's solution containing tetrodotoxin 10−7 g/ml. A slight residual amount of $$\bar V_m $$ may be caused by anomalous rectification in the potassium system, as indicated by experiments in tetraethylammonium chloride 60 mM/l. 4. Ac and dc stimulation above threshold strength induce repetitive activity with trains of action potentials. The subsequent spikes are higher, the critical prepotentials are lower, and the time intervals are shorter with ac than with dc. 5. These facts agree, in principle, with findings on the nodal membrane; small differences may be attributed to anomalous rectification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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