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  • Chemistry  (79)
  • Organic Chemistry  (18)
  • CCAATT enhancer binding protein  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcription, adipocyte differentiation, and obesity (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 347-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Adipocytes ; CCAATT enhancer binding protein ; Gene expression ; Nuclear receptors ; Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Differentiation of adipogenic precursor cells into mature adipocytes is a complex phenomenon, characterized by an ordered expression of adipocyte-specific genes, triggered by a set of interacting transcription factors. The most important transcription factors involved in this process are the γ form of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARγ) and the various members of the CCAAT enhancer binding proteins (α, β, and δ). In addition to PPARγ and these enhancer binding proteins, several other transcription factors, including ADD-1 (SRE-BP), HMGI-C, are involved in regulating this process. Altered activity and/or expression of these transcription factors, will induce the expression of target genes in the differentiating cells, ultimately resulting in the phenotypical characteristics of the adipocytes. It is speculated that modulation of these transcription factors by either pharmacological or dietary manipulations might influence adipocyte differentiation and prove beneficial in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210629
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcription, adipocyte differentiation, and obesity (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 347-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Adipocytes ; CCAATT enhancer binding protein ; Gene expression ; Nuclear receptors ; Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Differentiation of adipogenic precursor cells into mature adipocytes is a complex phenomenon, characterized by an ordered expression of adipocyte-specific genes, triggered by a set of interacting transcription factors. The most important transcription factors involved in this process are the γ form of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARγ) and the various members of the CCAAT enhancer binding proteins (α, β, and δ). In addition to PPARγ and these enhancer binding proteins, several other transcription factors, including ADD-1 (SRE-BP), HMGI-C, are involved in regulating this process. Altered activity and/or expression of these transcription factors, will induce the expression of target genes in the differentiating cells, ultimately resulting in the phenotypical characteristics of the adipocytes. It is speculated that modulation of these transcription factors by either pharmacological or dietary manipulations might influence adipocyte differentiation and prove beneficial in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050036
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biphenyltetrols and Dibenzofuranones from Oxidative Coupling of Resorcinols with 4-Alkylpyrocatechols: New Ciues to the Mechanism of Insect Cuticle Sclerotization (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 74 (1991), S. 1205-1212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Oxidation of 4-alkylpyrocatechols 2 by means of an insect diphenoloxidase (laccase) or K3 [Fe(CN)6] yields, in the presence of resorcinols 1 (R2 = H), complex mixtures of products from which biphenyltetrols 3 (R3 = H) and dibenzofuranones 5 and 6 were isolated. It is suggested that similar homo-coupling products are formed from pyrocatechols 2b and 2c in insects during cuticle sclerotization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19910740607
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Enzyme-Inhibition Studies of Phenylsemicarbazones derived from D-glucono-1,5-lactone and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucono-1,5-lactone (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 75 (1992), S. 323-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The carbohydrate-derived lactone phenylsemicarbazones 3 and 4 were prepared from 5 and 8 (Scheme). Treatment with 4-phenylsemicarbazide gave 6 and 7 (77:23) and 9 and 19 (76:24), respectively. Oxidation of 6 and 9 by CrO3-pyridine to 11 and 13, followed by deprotection, yeilded 3 and 4. The structure of 3 was established by X-ray analysis. Enzyme-inhibition studies using revealed that 3 is a competitive inhibitor with Ki = 23 μm. The activity of 4 was examined using N-acetylglucosaminidase from bovine kidney, Aspergillus niger, and Artemia salina. compound 4 was found to be a competitive inhibitor of all three enzymes with Ki values of 0.13, 6.0, and 0.71 μm and KM/Ki values of 6910, 45, and 465, respectively.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19920750129
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einbauversuche mit (3H und 14C)-doppelmarkiertem Farnesol in Cantharidin. 5. Mitteilung zur Biosynthese des Cantharidins4. Mitt.: siehe [1]. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 1262-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Incorporation experiments with (3H and 14C) doubly labelled farnesols into cantharidinAfter injection of 11′, 12-[3H]-7-[14C]-farnesol or 11′, 12-[3H]-5,6-[14C]-farnesol, the 3H-label is located specifically in the C(9)-methyl-group of cantharidin, whereas the 14C-labelling pattern follows an incorporation via acetic acid (Scheme 4). C-Atoms 5, 6 and 7 from the middle part of the farnesol molecule are utilized for cantharidin biosynthesis to an extent that is about 2.1-11% of the incorporation rate of the methyl groups C(11′) and C(12), depending on the position of the 14C-label in farnesol. These results confirm our earlier hypothesis [1] that the C10-molecule cantharidin is biosynthesized from the C15-precursor farnesol which is cleaved between C(1)-C(2), C(4)-C(5), and C(7)-C(8). The synthesis of 7-[14C]-farnesol and of 5,6-[14C]-farnesol is described.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19770600416
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identifizierung von Farnesol als Zwischenstufe in der Biosynthese des Cantharidins aus Mevalonsäurelacton. 7.Mitteilung zur Biosynthese des Cantharidins6.Mitt.: siehe [1]. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 2756-2762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Identification of farnesol as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cantharidin from mevalonolactoneSimultaneous injection of 2-[14C]-mevalonolactone (2-[14C]-1) and (E,E)-11′,12-[3H]-farnesol (11′,12-[3H]-2) into Lytta vesicatoria L. (Coleoptera, Meloidae) yields doubly labelled cantharidin (3). The remainder of the precursor farnesol, re-isolated from the insects after the incubation period, has incorporated 14C-radioactivity. The labelling pattern in this farnesol, as determined by two independent degradative reaction sequences, is in agreement with the isoprene rule. Since specific incorporation of farnesol (2) into cantharidin (3), and of mevalonolactone (1) into both, farnesol (2) and cantharidin (3) is observed, the sesquiterpene alcohol 2 acts as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the C10-compound 3 (Scheme 1).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19770600827
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaktionen von o-Chinonen mit Aminen und Proteinen. 4. Mitteilung3. Mitt.: s.[1].. 7a-Methyl-5,6-dioxo-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydroindol-Derivate aus 4-Methylbrenzcatechin und Enaminen (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 65 (1982), S. 1279-1284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of o-Quinones with Amines and Proteins. 7a-Methyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahysroindole Derivatives from 4-Methylcatechol and EnaminesMethyl l-[2′-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-7a-methyl-5,6-dioxo-5.6.7,7a-tetrahydro-indole-3-carboxylate (1) was isolated after the oxidation of 4-methylcatechol with silver (1) oxide in the presence of b̃-alanine methyl ester in glacial acetic acid. The formation of 1 requires in situ dehydrogenation of the b̃-aminocarboxylate and addition of the resulting enamine to 4-methyl-1,2-benzoquinone. Reaction of ethyl 3-(phenylamino)crotonate with 4-methyl-1,2-benzoquinone afforded ethyl 2,7a-dimethyl-5,6-dioxo-1-phenyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydroindole-3-carboxylate (6). Despite the fact that the yields are low, the addition of enamines to o-quinones represents an interesting novel extension of the Nenitzescu-reaction which is well known in the p-quinone series. Compound 1 may be considered as a novel model for the crosslinking of proteins by o-quinones. Formation of 1 was, however, not observed under physiological conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19820650418
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einbauversuche mit Geraniol und Farnesol in Cantharidin. 4. Mitteilung zur Biosynthese des Cantharidins3. Mitt. siehe [1].Korrespondenzautor: W.-D. Woggon. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 844-866 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the incorporation of geraniol and farnesol into cantharidinEarlier investigations [1] have shown that cantharidin (1) is biosynthesized by the male Lytta vesicatoria L. (Meloidae, Coleoptera) from the common terpenoid precursors mevalonate and farnesol (3). To prove if geraniol (2) is incorporated via farnesol (3) into cantharidin (1) the following geraniols have been synthesized and injected into either larvae or male adult Lytta vesicatoria, partly in a mixture with synthetic 11′, 12-[3H]-farnesol as an internal standard: 2-[14C]-, 7-[14C]-, 7′, 8-[14C]-, 7′, 8-[3H]-geraniol. Unexpectedly, geraniol (2) was not specifically incorporated into cantharidin (1) perhaps due to its higher toxicity or its faster degradation relative to the other precursors before incorporation. The incorporation of U-[14C]-leucine, U-[14C]-isoleucine and 1-[14C]-glucose into cantharidin (1) via their metabolites is evident by degradation studies, whereas 1-[14C]- and 2-[14C]-glycine do not serve as precursors for cantharidin (1).
    Additional Material: 11 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19770600314
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimente zum kompetitiven Einbau der Stereoisomeren des Farnesols in Cantharidin. 6. Mitteilung zur Biosynthese des Cantharidins5. Mitt.: siehe [1]. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 2288-2294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Experiments on the competitive incorporation of farnesol-stereoisomers into cantharidinFarnesol (2) has been demonstrated to be an efficient precursor for cantharidin (1), into which it is transformed by elimination of C(1), C(5), C(6), C(7) and C(7′) [1]. The following incorporation experiments with doubly labelled (3H and 14C) stereoisomers of farnesol present strong evidence that (E,E)- farnesol ((E,E)-2) in fact is the precursor for cantharidin, whereas (2E, 6Z)-2 and (Z,Z)-2 are not utilized for the biosynthesis of cantharidin. A possible mechanism for the incorporation of (2Z,6E)-farnesol ((2Z,6E)-2) to an extent of 56,8% relative to (E,E)-2 is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19770600719
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemorheological characterization of thermoset cure (1988)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 1071-1075 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermosetting resin/glass cloth composites find extensive use in the packaging of electrical circuits into multi-layered circuit boards. To determine optimum processing conditions, it is necessary to understand the rheology of the resin as it cures. In this study, a squeezing flow geometry was used to determine the shear viscosity of a high performance epoxy resin during cure; Viscosity profiles were obtained during rising temperature cure. The results were compared with the complex viscosities obtained using the dynamic oscillatory parallel plate geometry. A numerical optimization algorithm was used to obtain the dual Arrhenius viscosity model parameters from the experimental viscosity data. The sensitivities of the model parameters and their effects on the predicted viscosity profiles were also determined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760281610
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