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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Electric organ discharge ; Electric fish ; Androgens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Sternopygus macrurus were collected in Venezuela during the period of gonadal recrudescence in early or late dry season. Electric organ discharge (EOD) frequencies were recorded, blood samples were taken for analysis of steroid titers, and gonads were taken for determination of reproductive condition. 2. Mean EOD frequencies were significantly lower in males than in females in all samples. EOD frequency was inversely correlated with body length in males in late, but not early, dry season, and these parameters were never correlated in females. 3. Plasma levels of testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), but not estradiol-17β (E2), were inversely correlated with EOD frequency in males. No 11-KT was observed in plasma of females, and plasma levels of T and E2 in females were comparable to those of males. Neither T nor E2 were correlated with EOD frequency in females. 4. Testes collected in late dry season were more mature than those from early dry season; androgen levels and EOD frequency were correlated with testicular maturity. Ovaries collected in early dry season were immature, while those from late dry season were more mature. There was no relationship between EOD frequency and stage of ovarian development. 5. These results suggest that plasma androgens modulate EOD frequency in males during the reproductive season and that plasma E2 has little relationship to EOD frequency in either sex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: Kupffer cells ; CEA-binding 80 kDa protein ; proinflammatory cytokines ; endothelial cells ; adhesion molecules ; metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We hypothesize that a major factor regulating hepatic metastasis is the ability of CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) producing colorectal carcinomas to activate Kupffer cells. CEA and NCA (nonspecific cross-reacting antigen) bind to an 80 kDa Kupffer cell receptor by the peptide sequence PELPK and stimulate cytokine production. Cytokines induce sinusoidal endothelial cells to express intercellular adhesion molecules and increase adhesion of the tumor cells and retention in the liver. In this study human Kupffer cells were acti-vated in vitro with CEA, NCA, and the peptide PELPK. This resulted in release of IL-1b, TNF-a and IL-6. CEA non-producing MIP-101 colon carcinoma cells labeled with 51 Cr were incubated on monolayers of ECV-304 human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with these Kupffer cell derived cytokines or with comparable recombinant human (rH) cytokines. Specific antibodies to the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin and b 2 integrin were used to block their functions. A significant enhancement in the adhesion of colorectal carcinoma cells occurred when endothelial cells were stimulated with a very low concentration of Kupffer-cell derived cytokines. Activated endothelium demonstrated significant up-regu-lation primarily of ICAM-1. The adhesion was blocked by an antibody to ICAM-1. A combination of Kupffer-cell derived cytokines was more effective than IL-1b or TNF-a alone. IL-6 alone did not influence adhesion under our conditions. Our results suggest a mechanism for CEA in the modulation of colorectal carcinoma adhesion to the hepatic endothelium and its enhancement of metastatic potential.© Kluwer Academic Publishers 1998
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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