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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Spinal cord ; Dorsal horn neuron ; Protein kinase C ; Pain modulation ; Periaqueductal gray ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), on the activity and periaqueductal gray (PAG)-induced inhibition of rat dorsal horn neurons of the lumbar spinal cord were tested. A microdialysis fiber was placed through the dorsal horn for the purpose of local application of pharmacological agents. Extracellular single-unit recordings from dorsal horn neurons were made near the microdialysis fiber. TPA was tested on nociceptive dorsal horn cells. There was a significant increase in the background activity and responses to ”brush”, with no changes in responses to pressure and pinch stimuli. TPA also significantly blocked the PAG-induced inhibition of responses to brush, press, and pinch. These effects were eliminated by coadministration of the PKC inhibitor NPC-15437. The solvent, which contained dimethyl sulfoxide, was also tested for its effect on the responses to peripheral mechanical stimuli and PAG-induced inhibition of the dorsal horn neurons. There were no significant changes. This experiment suggests that activation of the PKC second messenger system might increase the activity of dorsal horn neurons and their responses to peripheral stimuli; in addition, the phorbol ester attenuated the PAG-induced descending inhibition of the dorsal horn neuron activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 1H NMR ; NOESY ; COSY ; Paramagnetic ; Model haems ; Cytochromes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As part of an effort to assign completely the1H resonances of the pyrrole protons of model haems, the NOESY spectra of a series of unsymmetrically phenyl-substituted derivatives of a low-spin paramagnetic haem model complex tetraphenylporphyrinatoiron (III)bis(N-methylimidazole), [TPPFe(N-Meim)2]+, for which the COSY spectra have been reported previously, were recorded in CD2Cl2 or CDCl3 at temperatures of 30 to -35°C using a variety of mixing times. Fourphenomena of importance to the understanding of the cross-correlation patterns obtained in the NOESY spectra of these paramagnetic complexes were observed: (1) NOE cross peaks can be detected for these intermediate molecular weight complexes, even in non-viscous solvents; (2) for some complexes only one set of NOE cross peaks different from those previously observed in the COSY maps were obtained, whereas for other complexes two sets were observed; (3) cross correlations between protons in the same pyrrole ring (i.e. cross peaks previously observed in the COSY maps) were observed in the NOESY spectra of some complexes, but not of others; and (4) at ambient temperature, where axial ligand exchange is detectable through cross peaks between the methyl resonances of free and coordinated N-methylimidazole, additional sets of cross correlations between pairs of pyrrole protons, not observed at -35°C, were detecte d. Each of these phenomena is discussed and questions are raised concerning the cross-relaxation pathways leading to the observed NOESY maps of these paramagnetic complexes. At the present state of development of two-dimensional NMR studies of these paramagnetic model haem complexes, the electron density distribution in the orbital utilized for spin delocalization can be delineated (with some cautionary notes), but there still remains some ambiguity in the assignment of the fourpyrrole proton resonances of these mono-ortho-substituted tetraphenylporphyrinatoiron(III)complexes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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