Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Diuretics  (4)
  • Propranolol  (2)
  • Calcium chloride  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 257 (1967), S. 372-390 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Calcium chloride ; Calcium gluconate ; Natriuresis ; Naclearance/Ca-clearance ; Calciumchlorid ; Calciumgluconat ; Natriurese ; Natriumclearance/Calciumclearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von CaCl2 und Ca-Gluconat auf die Ausscheidung von Wasser und Elektrolyten wurde in Clearanceversuchen an Hunden untersucht. Die Salze wurden als i.v. Injektion, als i.v. Infusion und als direkte Infusion in eine Nierenarterie gegeben. Kontrollexperimente wurden mit äquivalenten Dosen von NaCl bzw. Natriumgluconat durchgeführt. 1. I.v. Injektionen von 0,75–1,5 mval/kg Ca als CaCl2 erhöhen die Ausscheidung von Wasser, Na, K, Ca und Cl signifikant ohne Veränderungen der Nierenhämodynamik. Nach niedrigeren Dosen wird nur Calcium vermehrt ausgeschieden. Die Befunde deuten auf eine kritische Plasma-Calciumkonzentration von ca. 7 mval/l hin, oberhalb deren eine diuretische und saluretische Wirkung auftritt. Höhere Dosen als 1,5 mval/kg senken die GFR. 2. Infusionen äquivalenter Mengen von Calciumchlorid und Calciumgluconat führen zu vergleichbarer Mehrausscheidung von Wasser, Na, K, Ca und Cl. Allerdings ist die Calciumausscheidung höher nach Ca-Gluconat, die Chloridausscheidung höher nach CaCl2. Na-Gluconat wirkt wie ein einfaches osmotisches Diureticum. Es wird angenommen, daß nur nach CaCl2 eine echte Calciumwirkung auftritt; Calciumgluconat wirkt etwa gleich durch Kombination eines schwächeren Calciumeffektes — wegen geringerer Dissoziation — und eines zusätzlichen osmotischen Effektes durch das Gluconat-Anion. 3. Direkte Infusion von CaCl2 in eine Nierenarterie erhöht die Ausscheidung von Wasser, Na, K, Ca und Cl auf der infundierten Seite während der Dauer der Infusion. 4. Nach Calciumgabe steigt die osmolare Clearance stärker an als der Harnfluß, d.h. die freie Wasserclearance wird stärker negativ. Eine Permeabilitätsabnahme für Wasser in distalen Abschnitten des Nephrons kann also nicht die entscheidende Ursache der Diurese nach Calciumgabe sein. 5. Die allgemein angenommene lineare Korrelation zwischen der Clearance von Calcium und Natrium gilt nur für normale Plasmacalciumwerte. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Korrelation bei erhöhter Plasma-Calciumkonzentration exponentiell wird, und daß Calcium und Natrium nicht in demselben Verhältnis resorbiert werden, in dem sie im Plasma oder Ultrafiltrat vorliegen. Die Befunde sind mit der Hypothese vereinbar, daß eine rasche Erhöhung des Plasmacalciumspiegels über 7 mval/l das Verhältnis der Natrium- und Calciumresorption verändert und direkt die Resorption von Natrium und Chlorid aus dem Tubulus vermindert.
    Notes: Summary The effects of acute high concentrations of plasma calcium on the excretion of water and electrolytes have been investigated in dogs. Ca has been given as single intravenous injection of CaCl2, as intravenous infusion of CaCl2 and of calciumgluconate, and as direct infusion of CaCl2 into one renal artery. Control experiments have been performed with equivalent amounts of NaCl resp. sodiumgluconate. 1. I.v. injections of 0.75–1.5 meq/kg Ca as CaCl2 increase the excreted amount of water, Na, K, Ca and Cl significantly without any changes in renal hemodynamics. Lower doses only enhance the excretion of Ca. There seems to be a critical plasmacalciumconcentration of about 7 meq/l which has to be exceeded to bring about the full diuretic and saluretic response. Higher doses than 1.5 meq/kg decrease GFR. 2. Infusions of equivalent amounts of CaCl2 and Calciumgluconate cause comparable enhancement of water-, Na-, K-, Ca- and Cl-excretion; Ca-excretion is higher after Gluconate, Cl-excretion is higher after CaCl2. Sodiumgluconate acts like a simple osmotic diuretic. It is suggested that only CaCl2 shows the true effect of Ca; calciumgluconate exerts its action by combination of a weaker Ca-effect because of a lesser degree of dissociation and an additional gluconate-effect. 3. Direct infusion of CaCl2 into one renal artery sufficient to bring the arterial concentration above 7 meq/l, leads to an increased excretion of water, Na, K, Ca and Cl on the infused side during the time of infusion. 4. After Ca Cosm rises more than urine flow i.e. $$C_{H_2 O} $$ becomes more negative. This means that a decrease in permeability for water can not play a significant role in the diuretic mechanism of calcium. 5. It is stressed that the commonly accepted strong linear correlation between the clearances of Ca and Na, the former beeing always one half of the latter at normal levels of plasmacalcium, does change into an exponential form, when plasmacalciumconcentration is increased. It is shown, that Ca and Na are not reabsorbed in the same proportion as they are present in plasma or ultrafiltrate. The data are consistent with the hypothesis, that acute hypercalcemia above 7 meq/l changes the otherwise proportional reabsorption of Na and Ca and diminishes by direct action the reabsorption of sodium and chloride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Diuretics ; Stereospecifity ; Micropuncture ; Renal blood flow ; Transport mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The renal actions of the optically active isomers of the new diuretic drug ozolinone were studied by clearance, flowmeter and micropuncture techniques in rats. The levorotatory, but not the dextrorotatory isomer of ozolinone increased urine flow, urinary sodium and chloride excretion and enhanced sodium and chloride concentrations in early distal tubular fluid as checked by in situ microperfusion of Henle's loops. This indicates stereospecifity of the drug's diuretic action. However, both isomers of ozolinone equally inhibited maximal tubular secretion of paraaminohippurate and increased renal blood flow as measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter. Thus, the different renal target structures of ozolinone differ markedly with respect to stereoselectivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Diuretics ; Stereospecificity ; Transport mechanism ; Loop of Henle ; Micropuncture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the non-diuretic dextrorotatory isomer of ozolinone on furosemide-induced diuresis was studied by means of clearance and micropuncture techniques in rats. After intravenous injection,d-ozolinone antagonized the furosemide-induced increase in renal fluid and electrolyte excretion in a dose-related manner. Microperfusion experiments of Henle's loop in vivo revealed thatd-ozolinone did not interfere with the action of furosemide at this tubular site. However,d-ozolinone markedly decreased the furosemide to inulin clearance ratio, presumably as a consequence of inhibition of furosemide secretion into the proximal tubules. It is assumed that, in consequence of a high affinity for the proximal organic acid transport system,d-ozolinone depresses proximal tubular furosemide secretion and prevents transfer of this diuretic to the tubular fluid. Thus, under the influence ofd-ozolinone, furosemide cannot reach the loop of Henle in sufficient amounts and its diuretic effect is blocked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Epinephrine ; Norepinephrine ; Isoprenaline ; Propranolol ; Na-Reabsorption ; Adrenalin ; Noradrenalin ; Isoprenalin ; Orciprenalin ; Propranolol ; Na-Resorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Versuchen an wachen Ratten in Stoffwechselkäfigen wurde die Flüssigkeits-, Na- und K-Ausscheidung nach oraler Wasserbelastung untersucht. 0,3 μmol/kg Adrenalin subcutan wirkten leicht diuresehemmend, nach 0,3 μmol/kg Noradrenalin subcutan war die Ausscheidung vermehrt und beschleunight, während 0,05 μmol/kg Isoprenalin stark antidiuretische Effekte hatten. Die Wirkung von Noradrenalin war durch Phentolamin oder Propranolol nicht zu beeinflussen. Dagegen wirkte Adrenalin nach Phentolamin antidiuretisch wie Isoprenalin und nach Propranolol diuretisch wie Noradrenalin. Die Isoprenalin-Wirkung wurde durch vorher gegebenes Propranolol verhindert. In Mikropunktionsversuchen erhöhte Orciprenalin direkt intratubulär gegeben die Resorptionskapazität des proximalen Konvoluts. Diese Wirkung war durch vorher subcutan injiziertes Propranolol hemmbar. Adrenalin und Noradrenalin hatten im proximalen Konvolut keine Wirkung auf die lokale Resorptionsfähigkeit.
    Notes: Summary The renal excretion of fluid, sodium and potassium has been measured in unanaesthetized rats after oral loading with water. Subcutaneous injections of 0.3 μmol/kg epinephrine had a small antidiuretic action, whereas the same dose of norepinephrine increased urine flow. 0.05 μmol/kg isoprenaline delayed the excretion of water and depressed the excretion of Na and K. The effects of norepinephrine were unchanged after injecting phentolamine or propranolol. Epinephrine had a strong isoprenaline-like antidiuretic action after phentolamine but increased the urine flow like norepinephrine after an injection of propranolol. The actions of isoprenaline could be blocked by propranolol. In micropuncture experiments orciprenaline increased the intrinsic reabsorptive capacity of the proximal tubular epithelium when injected into the lumen of a proximal convolution. These effects are prevented by propranolol. Epinephrine and norepinephrine had no effects on tubular reabsorption in the proximal convolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 263 (1969), S. 439-449 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Orciprenaline ; Isoprenaline ; Propranolol ; Diuresis ; Sodium Reabsorption ; Glucose Reabsorption ; Orciprenalin ; Isoprenalin ; Propranolol ; Diurese ; Natriumresorption ; Glucoseresorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Versuchen an 48 narkotisierten Hunden wurde die Wirkung von Orciprenalin und Isoprenalin sowie der β-Sympathomimetica Propranolol und Kö 592 auf die Nierenfunktion unter Anwendung von Clearance-Methoden untersucht. Intravenöse Infusion von 0,5–2,0 μg/kg · min Orciprenalin oder Isoprenalin führten zu einer Abnahme des Harnflusses um im Mittel 59% und der Na- und K-Ausscheidung um 67% bzw. 52%. Die glomeruläre Filtration und der effektive renale Plasmafluß verminderten sich ebenfalls um ca. 35%. Bei direkter Infusion der β-Sympathomimetica in eine Nierenarterie war die Elektrolyt- und Wasserausscheidung in beiden Nieren ungefähr gleich stark herabgesetzt. Während einer osmotischen Mannit-Diurese nahm die Elektrolytausscheidung bei geringeren Änderungen der Nierenhämodynamik ebenfalls ab. Während einer Wasserdiurese blieb trotz Abnahme des Harnflusses die $$C_{H_2 O} $$ positiv, so daß eine wesentliche Beteiligung von Vasopressin auszuschließen ist. Die maximale tubuläre Resorption von Glucose wird durch Orciprenalin signifikant gesteigert. Propranolol und Kö 592 haben keine pharmakologische Eigenwirkung auf die Nierenfunktion. Sie heben aber die Wirkung von β-Sympathomimetica an der Niere vollständig auf. Der mögliche Wirkungsmechanismus der β-Sympathomimetica wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The action of orciprenaline and isoprenaline and of the β-sympatholytics propranolol and Kö 592 on renal function has been investigated in clearance experiments in 48 dogs. Infusions of 0.5–2.0 μg/kg/min of orciprenaline or isoprenaline decreased urine flow by 59% and Na and K excretion by 67% and 52% respectively. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were depressed by 35%. Infusions of β-sympathomimetics directly into one renal artery provoked similar effects on both kidneys. The same effects on electrolyte-excretion were observed during mannitol diuresis, with lesser changes in renal hemodynamics. Vasopressin secretion does not seem to be an important factor in diminishing urine flow since $$C_{H_2 O} $$ remained positive during water diuresis. The maximal rate of tubular glucose reabsorption was increased significantly by orciprenaline. Propranolol and Kö 592 have no pharmacodynamic actions on renal function. However, they abolish completely the renal effects of orciprenaline and isoprenaline. The possible mechanisms of action of β-sympathomimetics are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 304 (1978), S. 283-287 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Diuretics ; Tubular electrolyte reabsorption ; Glomerular filtration rate ; Renal blood flow ; Tubular PAH secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The renal action of 3-methyl-4-oxo-5-piperidino-thiazolidine-2-ylidine (ozolinone), a metabolite of the diuretic etozoline (Elkapin), was studied in anaesthetized dogs after i.v. injection and compared with the renal effects of furosemide. The diuretic action of ozolinone was rapid in onset and of short duration. Thesmallest effective i.v. dose was 1 mg\kg−1. Maximal diuretic capacity was reached at 50 mg\kg−1 i.v. Fractional tubular sodium reabsorption was depressed to 67% at maximal effective doses. Ozolinone had similar renal actions to those of furosemide. Like furosemide, ozolinone increased renal blood flow, slightly decreased glomerular filtration rate, depressed tubular chloride reabsorption more than sodium reabsorption, increased potassium excretion, lowered the pH of urine, decreased urinary osmolarity towards isotonicity and depressed tubular PAH secretion. As regards the effective doses and the maximal changes of tubular sodium excretion, ozolinone was somewhat less potent than furosemide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 304 (1978), S. 289-296 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Diuretics ; Clearance technique ; Micropuncture ; Tubular function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of ozolinone (3-methyl-4-oxo-5-piperidino-thiazolidine-2-ylidene) on renal tubular and glomerular functions were studied in rats using clearance and micropuncture techniques. Ozolinone (50 mg·kg−1 i.v., 50 mg·kg−1·h−1i.v.) markedly increased urine volume, urinary sodium excreation and — to a minor extent — also urinary potassium excretion. Fractional tubular sodium reabsorption fell by 14%. Renal blood flow, as measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter, increased considerably during the administration of the drug. Despite the fact that ozolinone increased intratubular hydrostatic pressure, whole kidney as well as single nephron GFR—measured at different tubular sites — remained constant due to an increase in glomerular capillary pressure (stopped flow measurements, servo nulling technique). The diuretic decreased intrinsic reabsorptive capacity of the proximal tubular epithelium as measured with the shrinking drop technique of Gertz, but had no clearcut effects on proximal fractional reabsorption. Fractional reabsorption was evaluated not only from free flow endproximal tubular fluid to plasma inulin measurements but also from transit time and half time of reabsorption (shrinking drop technique). An impressive depression of fluid, sodium and potassium reabsorption occurred in the loops of Henle after ozolinone. No further inhibition of fluid and sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules could be detected after the drug using a free flow recollection technique. Concerning the tubular site of renal action there is a striking similarity between ozolinone and the strong acting diuretic furosemide, although the chemical structures of these drugs are quite different. Differences between the two drugs exist concerning the endproximal tubular chloride concentration, which was decreased by furosemide but was not affected by ozolinone. This points to different effects of the drugs on proximal tubular bicarbonate reabsorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...