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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium oxalate crystallization kinetics at different concentrations of human and artificial urine, with a constant calcium to oxalate ratio (1999)
    Springer
    Urological research 27 (1999), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Calcium ; Oxalate ; Calcium oxalate crystallization ; MSMPR ; Urolithiasis ; Urine volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of in vitro dilution of artificial urine or human urine on the crystallization of calcium oxalate was examined in a mixed suspension, mixed product removal crystallization system. Direct growth inhibition by components of artificial urine was not significant and supersaturation was the dominant factor in determining crystal nucleation and growth rates. Dilution of human urine caused a decrease in crystal growth rate that was independent of the input calcium and oxalate concentrations, suggesting that dilution of growth inhibitors could be physiologically more important than any reduction in supersaturation. This loss of growth inhibition was counteracted by a reduction in nucleation promotion, with the net effect that the mass of crystals declined. Correlation of crystallization measurements with urinary concentration (osmotic pressure) confirmed these observations, with a negative relationship for growth rate and a positive relationship for nucleation rate and suspension density. Increasing the concentration of urine shifts the crystallization balance from low nucleation/high growth to high nucleation/low growth. Calcium oxalate crystalluria in healthy urine is therefore less likely at early stages of urine development in the nephron and the likelihood can be further reduced by increased fluid output. Our results suggest that lowering the heterogeneous nucleation activity by dilution is more than sufficient to override the loss of growth inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002400050115
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetic study of an interspecific cross of Nicotiana debneyi X N. umbratica (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cytogenetics ; Interspecific hybrid ; Nicotiana debneyi ; N. umbratica ; Colchiploids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Interspecific F1 hybrids of Nicotiana debneyi Domin (2n=48) and N. umbratica Burbidge (2n=46), both belonging to the section Suaveolentes, showed a high degree of meiotic chromosome pairing. Two of the five F2 plants obtained exhibited chromosome mosaicism. The first colchiploid generation (C1) had the expected chromosome number of 2n=94 while C2 showed 2n=88, a loss of three pairs of chromosomes. This same chromosome number continued in further colchiploid generations, followed up to C5, except for a few plants in C3 which showed chromosome mosaicism. The F1 phenotype was stable through C1 to C5 and fertility was normal in colchiploids through all generations in spite of the loss of three pairs of chromosomes and chromosome mosaicism. This stability and fertility apparently reflect the tolerance of the genomes to the genetic adjustment of chromosome complements which is believed to be associated with the originally polyploid nature of the parental species and the chromosome doubling brought about in the amphidiploids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303705
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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