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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The volume and compressibility change for the formation of the LaSO 4 + ion pair at 25°C (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 6 (1977), S. 589-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Lanthanum sulfate ; magnetic float densimeter ; sound velocimeter ; density ; apparent molal volume ; adiabatic apparent molal compressibility ; ion pair ; electrostriction ; hydration number
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The apparent molal volumes (φv) and adiabatic compressibilities [φK(S)] of La2(SO4)3 solutions have been determined from density and sound speed data at 25°C. The large positive deviations of φv and φK(S) of La2(SO4)3 from the limiting law have been attributed to the formation of the ion pair LaSO 4 + . The observed values of φv and φK(S) have been used to estimate the change in the apparent molal volume and adiabatic compressibility for the formation of LaSO 4 + from $$\Delta \phi (LaSO_4^ + ) = [\phi (obs.) - \phi (2La^{3 + } ,3SO_4^{2 - } )]/\alpha$$ where ϕ(2La3+, 3SO 4 2− ) is the apparent molal volume or adiabatic compressibility of the free ions, and α is the degree of association. The value of $$\Delta \phi _v^o (LaSO_4^ + ) = \Delta \bar V^o (LaSO_4^ + ) = 22.8 \pm 1cm^3 - mole^{ - 1}$$ and $$\Delta \phi _{K(S)}^o (LaSO_4^ + ) = \Delta \bar K_S^o (LaSO_4^ + ) = 85 \pm 20 \times 10^{ - 4} cm^3 - mole^{ - 1} - bar^{ - 1}$$ at infinite dilution are in reasonable agreement with the values determined from the high-pressure conductance data of Fisher and Davis. The number of hydrated water molecules (ca. 11) associated with the formation of LaSO 4 + determined from the volume and compressibility data are in good agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00655373
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraspecific variation in the egg-spacing behavior of the seed beetleCallosobruchus maculatus (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 727-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: oviposition behavior ; geographic variation ; spacing mechanism ; dispersion index ; Callosobruchus maculatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Females of Callosobruchus maculatustend to distribute their eggs uniformly among host seeds and, thereby, reduce competition among larvae within seeds. We investigated variability in this behavior by assaying beetles from seven geographic strains on each of three host species. To quantify egg-spacing behavior,we devised an index (U)that estimates the uniformity of the egg distribution but is independent of the number of eggs laid. Egg-spacing behavior was highly variable among beetle strains and legume hosts. Females from an Indian strain frequently achieved the most uniform distribution possible (maximum hyperdispersion), whereas females from two Brazilian strains frequently deposited eggs randomly. Differences among strains were evident throughout the period of oviposition;some strains were “sloppy” when even egg densities were low. Variation in egg-spacing behavior appears to be influenced by prior host associations and by host size. The most well-developed spacing behavior was observed in a strain associated with the smallest host, which supports only one or two larvae per seed. Realized fecundity also varied significantly among beetle strains. We found no evidence, however, of a predicted tradeoff between the number of eggs laid and the uniformity of the egg dispersion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049397
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Densities and compressibilities of aqueous sodium carbonate and bicarbonate from 0 to 45°C (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 12 (1983), S. 233-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: density ; sound speed ; compressibility ; partial molal volume ; NaHCO3 ; Na2CO3 ; carbonic acid ; ionization ; pressure effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The densities and the sound speeds of aqueous NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 solutions were measured from 0.05 to 1.0m and from 0 to 45°C. These data were fitted to functions of molality and temperature and were used to calculate the apparent molal volumes Vϕ and compressibilites κφ of these solutions. Polynomial expression for Vϕ and κφ as functions of molality and temperature have been determined. The partial molal volumes and compressibilities of these solutions and literature data have been used to determine the volume ΔV and compressibility Δκ changes for the ionization of carbonic acid in aqueous solutions. These values of ΔV and Δκ have been used to estimate the effect of pressure on the ionization constants for carbonic acid from 0 to 45°C. The calculated pressure coefficients are in good agreement with the measured values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646199
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasticity in the egg-spacing behavior of a seed beetle: Effects of host deprivation and seed patchiness (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 5 (1992), S. 609-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: oviposition behavior ; egg dispersion ; plasticity ; host deprivation ; resource patchiness ; Callosobruchus maculatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Egg-laying females of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatusdiscriminate between egg-free and egg-laden seeds and produce a nearly uniform distribution of eggs among seeds. We examined plasticity in this trait in response to both an internal factor (level of host deprivation) and an environmental one (the spatial configuration of available seeds). Responses to each factor were measured in genetically divergent strains that show a relatively strong (S strain) or weak (B strain) tendency to spread eggs evenly among seeds. Following a modest (10-h) period of host deprivation, S-strain females distributed their eggs less uniformly among seeds; the proportion of females committing at least one oviposition “mistake” increased from 20 to 50%. Similarly, S-strain females distributed their eggs less uniformly if seeds were presented in multiple, discrete patches instead of in a single, large patch. The higher frequency of oviposition mistakes in the multiple-patch arena was caused in part by females maintaining a uniform distribution of eggs within patches but not among patches. In contrast, females from the “sloppier” B strain were unaffected by either host deprivation or resource dispersion. Responses to seed patchiness are discussed in relation to the role of learning in the egg-spacing behavior of C. maculatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048008
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volume change of ion pair formation: Rubidium nitrate and thallium(I) nitrate in water (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 3 (1974), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Ion pair ; rubidium nitrate ; thallium(I) nitrate ; density ; apparent molal volume ; magnetic float ; electrolyte solution ; electrostriction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Density data for dilute aqueous solutions of RbNO 3 and TlNO 3 at 25°C lead to the following equations for the apparent molal volumes: RbNO3: ΦV = 43.07 + 2.46c 1/2 + 0.15c (0−0.41M) TINO3: ΦV = 39.50 + 10.83c 1/2 − 25.46c + 26.0c 3/2 (0.03−0.25M) From these expressions and a semiempirical equation for Φv of a completely dissociated 1:1 electrolyte, values of ΔΦv for ion pair formation at c=0.10 are calculated to be+5 ml-mole−1 for RbNO 3 and+12 ml-mole−1 for TlNO 3 . Comparison of ΔΦv with the electrostriction volume effect suggests that virtually all of the electrostriction is removed in the formation of the TlNO 3 ion pair but only about half with RbNO 3 . Values of ΔΦv are in poor agreement with those estimated from electrostatic theories of ion pair formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646879
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of experience on host preference inCallosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae): Variability among populations (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 503-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: oviposition behavior ; learning ; genetic variation ; Callosobruchus maculatus ; Bruchidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments using ‘naive” females established differences in host specificity among geographic strains of the seed beetleCallosobruchus maculatus; some females strongly preferred azuki bean over mung bean, and others failed to discriminate between the two hosts. We examined whether such congenital differences affect the degree to which host preference can be modified by experience. In choice tests, previous exposure to azuki bean increased the proportion of eggs laid on that host, but only in strains with a relatively low host specificity. Under more realistic, no-choice conditions, egg-laying experience affected oviposition rates mostly in strains with a high host specificity, but these experiments could not distinguish between the effects of a female's experience per se and her physiological state (i.e., egg load). Our results indicate that the likelihood of detecting an effect of experience on host choice depends on both the experimental protocol and the source of the test population. In natural populations ofC. maculatus, recent egg-laying experience probably plays little or no role in discrimination between host species but may influence discrimination between conspecific seeds that differ in quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02025446
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host selection by ovipositing cowpea weevils: patterning of input from separate sense organs (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: cowpea weevil ; Callosobruchus maculatus ; host selection ; oviposition ; sense organs ; ablation ; palpi ; antennae ; foretarsi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les ablations ont servi d'étape initiale lors de la détermination des organes sensoriels impliqués dans la sélection du lieu de ponte par C. maculatus. Les antennes, les tarses antérieurs, les palpes (maxillaires et labiaux) ont été retirés seuls ou en combinaison. Les femelles ont eu des choix binaires entre les graines de 4 légumineuses: Cicer arietinum, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata. Chaque combinaison d'ablations était accompagnée d'un témoin chez lequel les mêmes ablations étaient unilatérales. C'est l'ablation des palpes qui a le plus modifié le choix de l'hôte; l'influence relative des autres organes dépendait des paires d'hôtes offerts. Différents organes peuvent fournir des influx opposés quant à l'hôte préféré certaines ablations ont conduit à une inversion complète des préférences. Il semble que les influx sensoriels formaient une gamma avec hiérarchie dominante. Dans les choix binaires, les préférences initiales des femelles intactes ont été supprimées avec l'ablation des palpes seuls, cependant elles n'avaient pas été modifiées par l'ablation conjointe des palpes et des tarses. Dans ces expériences, l'influx antennaire ne devenait dominant qu'après ablation des deux autres organes sensoriels. Les préférences des femelles avec ablations unilatérales ne différaient pas de celles des femelles intactes.
    Notes: Abstract Ablations were performed to identify the sense organs used in host selection by ovipositing cowpea weevils, Callosobruchus maculatus. Antennae, foretarsi and palpi (maxillary + labial) were removed singly or in combination, and females were offered pairwise choices of four host species. Removal of the palpi consistently had the greatest effect on host choice, whereas the relative importance of other organs depended on the pair of hosts tested. Different organs may provide conflicting input as to the ‘preferred’ host; certain ablations led to a complete reversal in preference (as opposed to a simple loss of discrimination). Input from separate organs appeared to be received in a dominance hierarchy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301748
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition deterrent from eggs ofCallosobruchus maculatus: Spacing mechanism or artifact? (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ablation ; egg dispersion ; oviposition deterrent ; foretarsi ; palpi ; antennae ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; Callosobruchus maculatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Females ofCallosobruchus maculatus (F.) avoid ovipositing on host seeds already bearing conspecific eggs, and thus distribute eggs evenly among seeds. This behavior was presumed to be mediated by an ether-soluble “oviposition marker” that is deposited with the egg and can be extracted from egg-laden artificial hosts (glass beads). Ablation experiments revealed that the true factors promoting an even dispersion of eggs were perceived by the maxillary and labial palpi. In contrast, receptors on the antennae were largely responsible for avoidance of seeds treated with “oviposition marker.” Taken together, these results suggest that a careful distinction should be drawn between factors that promote spacing of eggs under natural conditions and general oviposition deterrents that may be isolated from both sexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020364
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Equation of State of Lakes (2000)
    Springer
    Aquatic geochemistry 6 (2000), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1421
    Keywords: lakes ; density ; compressibility ; expansibility ; conductivity ; stability ; pvt properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In recent years, a number of workers have studied the stability of deep lakes such as Lake Tanganyika, Lake Baikal and Lake Malawi. In this paper, the methods that can be used to determine the effect that the components of lakes have on the equation of state are examined. The PVT properties of Lakes have been determined by using apparent molal volume data for the major ionic components of the lake. The estimated PVT properties (densities, expansibility and compressibilities) of the lakes are found to be in good agreement with the PVT properties (P) of seawater diluted to the same salinity. This is similar to earlier work that showed that the PVT properties of rivers and estuarine waters could also be estimated from the properties of seawater. The measured densities of Lake Tanganyika were found to be in good agreement (± 2 × 10-6 g cm-3) with the values estimated from partial molal properties and the values of seawater at the same total salinity (ST = 0.568‰). The increase in the densities of Lake Tanganyika waters increased due to changes in the composition of the waters. The measured increase in the measured density (45 × 10-6 g cm-3) is in good agreement (46 × 10-6 g cm-3) with the values calculated for the increase in Na+, HCO3 -, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Si(OH)4. Methods are described that can be used to determine the conductivity salinity of lakes using the equations developed for seawater. By combining these relationships with apparent molal volume data, one can relate the PVT properties of the lake to those of seawater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009626325650
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