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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2)
  • Cancer Chemotherapy  (1)
  • Colorectal cancer  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for colorectal cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. S78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Screening ; Colorectal cancer ; Immunochemical fecal occult blood test ; Evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Screening for colorectal cancer using a guaiac-based fecal occult blood, or Hemoccult®, test has been demonstrated to reduce colorectal cancer mortality. However, the magnitude of effectiveness is relatively low because of poor sensitivity of the Hemoccult® test. The immunochemical fecal occult blood test has been shown to be much more sensitive than the Hemoccult® test in detecting preclinical colorectal cancer in an asymptomatic population. The purpose of this article is to discuss the validity of the immunochemical fecal occult blood test and the efficacy of a population-based screening program using the test. METHODS: Relevant articles were primarily identified through MEDLINE search. Review was focused on the studies of population screening programs with the immunochemical fecal occult blood test. RESULTS: Sensitivities for colorectal cancer calculated in the same population were reported to be 67 to 89 percent and only 33 to 37 percent for the immunochemical test and Hemoccult® test, respectively. Case-control studies and other observational studies showed that screening programs using the immunochemical fecal occult blood test by hemagglutination reaction would reduce the risk of dying of colorectal cancer by 60 percent or more for those screened annually compared with those unscreened. It was also shown that a screening strategy using the immunochemical fecal occult blood test had the best cost-effectiveness ratio among the methods available. Nearly 5 million persons are currently screened per year in Japan, yielding 0.15 to 0.2 percent colorectal cancer cases among persons with positive fecal occult blood test results. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that a screening program with immunochemical fecal occult blood test has promising advantages in terms of effectiveness over programs with the Hemocult® test. More stress is warranted on introduction of immunochemical fecal occult blood testing as a screening test in place of the guaiac fecal occult blood test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02237230
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-Hydroxytryptamine is emetogenic in the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 344 (1991), S. 564-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Vomiting ; 5-HT ; 2-Me-5-HT ; 5-HT3 Receptor antagonism ; Cancer Chemotherapy ; House musk shrew (Suncus murinus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The emetic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-HT3 receptor agonists were investigated in the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; i.p., i.v., s.c.) and 2-methyl-5-HT (2-Me-5HT; i.p.) but not 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (i.p.) or 5-ethoxytryptamine (i.p.) induced emesis with very short latency. Tropisetron (ICS 205-930, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, s.c.) blocked the emesis induced by 5-HT (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and 2-Me-5-HT (5 mg/kg, i.p.) with respective ID50 values of 7.8 and 70.9 μg/kg. Pindolol (5-HT1 receptor antagonist) and ketanserin (5-HT2 receptor antagonist) were about 100 times less potent than tropisetron. The emesis induced by 5-HT was prevented by surgical vagotomy but not by pretreatment with a combination of atropine (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) and hexamethonium (10 mg/kg, s.c.). These results clearly indicate that 5-HT is emetogenic probably through a stimulation of peripheral 5-HT3 receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170653
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of rectifying devices with thin films of polyphthalocyanine (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 2693-2701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Chemically and thermally stable thin films of polyphthalocyanine were prepared by a simple evaporation-polymerization method. The rectifying characteristics of metal/semiconductor/metal (MSM) type sandwich devices with the film were studied. A Schottky type device metal (Cu, Al, Ti)/polyphthalocyanine/Cu shows reproducible rectifying characteristics when Ti is selected as a counter electrode. The reproducibility is improved by pre-oxidation treatment of the surface of Cu substrate. Best electric parameters for the device are as follows: rectifying ratio = 14; threshold potential difference = 0,61 V; saturation current = 2,5 · 10-6 A · cm-2; barrier height = 0,75 eV; diode ideality parameter = 4,23. Doping of five kinds of quinones [p-benzoquinone (p-BQ), tetrabromo-p-benzoquinone (p-TBBQ) tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone (p-TCBQ) tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone (o-TCBQ) 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ)] and 2,5-cyclohexadien-1,4-diylidenedimalodinitrile (TNCR) in thin films of polyphthalocyanine affected electrocharacteristics in some cases. The diode ideality parameter decreases to 2,17 at 0,90 · 10-6 mol · cm-1 of p-TBBQ, and the rectifying ratio increases to about fourteen times by doping p-TBBQ and p-TCBQ. The doped device shows a rectifying response up to 1 kHz.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1989.021901103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and chitosan (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 18 (1997), S. 547-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on a chitosan backbone (PEG-g-chitosan) have been synthesized and their aqueous solution properties were investigated. At pH 6.5 the graft copolymers are 100% soluble, while chitosan phase separates from solution at those conditions. These interesting graft copolymers may be especially suitable as carriers for delivery of anionic drugs, such as proteins, glycosaminoglycans, and DNA plasmids or oligonucleotides.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1997.030180703
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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