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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercannabinoid and cannabinoid-ethanol interactions and their effects on human performance (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 71 (1980), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tetrahydrocannabinol ; Cannabidiol ; Cannabinol ; Ethanol ; Human ; Performance ; Cognitive ; Motor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cannabinoids (THC, 215 μ/kg; CBD, 320 μg/kg; CBN, 320 μg/kg) and ethanol (0.54 g/kg) were administered orally to human volunteers alone and in all possible combinations and performance decrements were assessed on a battery of tests (standing steadiness, simple and complex reaction times, pursuit rotor and Vienna Determination Apparatus) over a 280 min period. Blood ethanol concentrations and pulse rates were measured, an assessment was made of conjunctival hyperaemia and the subjects were asked to estimate the nature and degree of their intoxication. THC alone produced significant decrements on all the performance measures (general performance, standing steadiness, reaction speed and psychomotor performance) which were slow in onset, and were still evident at the end of the experiment. The increases in pulse rates and conjunctival hyperaemia as well as the subjects' assessment of their intoxication followed a similar time course. Ethanol also produced significant decrements in all but the psychomotor co-ordination factor which were rapid in onset with complete recovery by the end of the test period. There was no suggestion of systematic effects involving CBD or CBN, either alone or in combination with other drugs, and it was possible to describe the data in terms of a model which referred only to the effects of THC and ethanol. The combined effects of THC and ethanol were greater than those of THC alone, both in the performance measures, where virtually no recovery occurred, and in the self-assessment of intoxication and could be described in terms of an additive model with no statistical evidence for interaction. Blood ethanol levels were unaffected by cannabinoid pretreatment. There was no suggestion that the effects of THC or THC plus ethanol were further modified in any was by the inclusion of CBD and/or CBN in the cannabinoid pretreatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00434409
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions among the cannabinoids in the antagonism of the abdominal constriction response in the mouse (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 61 (1979), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Writhing ; Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol ; Cannabidiol ; Abdominal constriction ; Drug interactions ; Cannabinol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), 11-OH THC and 8α,11-diOH THC to antagonise the abdominal constriction response in the mouse induced by formic acid, phenylquinone, 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and bradykinin was tested. THC was an effective antagonist against all nociceptive agents with an ED50 in all cases between 1.0 and 2.6 mg/kg. CBN, while also effective against all nociceptive agents, was less potent than THC, with an ED50 range between 46.2 and 112.5 mg/kg. CBD in doses as high as 200 mg/kg was without effect. Using PGE1 as the nociceptive agent, 11-OH THC was equipotent to THC while 8α,11-diOH THC was inactive. Naloxone, while able to antagonise the antinociceptive effect of morphine against formic acid-induced writhing, did not reverse the antinociceptive effects of THC. There were no pharmacological interactions between THC, CBD and CBN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432273
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anticonvulsant effects of cannabinoids in mice: Drug interactions within cannabinoids and cannabinoid interactions with phenytoin (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 37 (1974), S. 255-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol ; Cannabidiol ; Cannabinol ; Phenytoin ; Phenobarbitone ; Anticonvulsant ; Drug-Interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The anticonvulsant activity of orally administered δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (δ 9-THC), δ 8-THC, cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) was tested in mice utilizing electroshock and chemoshock methods. In doses tested δ 9-THC afforded no protection to mice from chemoshock seizures and was effective against electroshock only in high doses (160–200 mg/kg). CBD and CBN (150–200 mg/kg) were without effect in both tests. An interaction between cannbinoids was apparent when all three were administered simultaneously (each at 50 mg/kg) because this combination produced a significant reduction in the duration of the hind-limb extensor phase of the electroshock seizures. The administration of δ 9-THC significantly potentiated the anticonvulsant effectiveness of phenytoin against electroshock seizures and this effect was further potentiated by the concurrent administration of CBD. Whilst the potentiation of phenytoin by δ 9-THC (50 mg/kg) was of the order of 1.5 times, the combination of δ-9THC and CBD (each 50 mg/kg) produced a four-fold potentiation. Neither within-cannabinoid interaction nor cannabinoid potentiation of phenobarbitone effectiveness could be demonstrated in chemoshock tests. The mechanism of the cannabinoid facilitation of phenytoin is unknown but it possibly involves activity at central nervous system level rather than being a metabolic interaction. This drug interaction may have potential clinical significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421539
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of Δ9, cannabidiol, and cannabinol on the anaesthesia induced by various anaesthetic agents in mice (1977)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 55 (1977), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anaesthesia ; Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol ; Cannabinol ; Cannabidiol ; Drug interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (2.5–80.0 mg/kg) significantly prolonged the anaesthesia induced by ketamine, pentobarbitone, thiopentone, propanidid, and Alfathesin® in a dose-dependent manner. Cannabinol and cannabidiol (both 5.0–80.0 mg/kg) were essentially inactive, except that cannabidiol prolonged pentobarbitone-induced anaesthesia. The interaction of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol with the anaesthetic agents was postulated to be due to a centrally mediated action, whereas the effect of cannabidiol on pentobarbitone-induced anaesthesia probably depended on a metabolic interaction. The interaction between the cannabinoids in influencing anaesthesia induced by the above agents was examined, and the interactions were found to be complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432824
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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