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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain sorghum stillage recycling: Effect on ethanol yield and stillage quality (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 1735-1738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Stillage obtained from ethanol production of grain sorghum was separated into two fractions: thin stillage and wet solids. A portion of the thin stillage was recycled as cooking water in subsequent fermentation runs using both bench- and full-scale ethanol production plants. When thin stillage replaced 50-75% of the cooking water, large increases occurred in solids content, COD, and EC of the resulting thin stillage. It was found that while the volume of thin stillage requiring treatment or disposal was reduced, there was little reduction in the total pollutant load. Stillage rcycling had little effect on the quality of the stillage wet solids fraction. At the high levels of stillage recycle used, ethanol yield was reduced after three to five runs of consecutive recycling.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260271217
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of centrifugation on the viability of Burkitt lymphoma cellsContribution No. 1126 from the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Presented at the 154th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 10-15, 1967. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 641-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study reports some findings on the effects of centrifugation on the viability of mammalian cells. The authors used Burkitt lymphoma cells cultivated in a synthetic medium containing 10% fetal calf serum for all experiments. Batch centrifugations were conducted in a RC2-B centrifuge (Ivan Sorvall, Incorporated, Norwalk, Connecticut USA) operated at 0 and 25°C. During centrifugation we exposed the cells to gravitational fields ranging from 24,800 to 42.200g. The results showed that at, 0°C and 25,800 or 42,000g no loss in cell viability occurred for up to 90 min exposures in the centrifugal field. However, at 25°C and for gravitational fields of 24,800 and 42,000g, there were appreciable losses in cell viability. Continuous centrifugation studies in the Sharples supercentrifuge (Division of Penn Salt Corporation, Warminister, Pennsylvania USA) were also conducted with bowl speeds up to 28,000 rpm (19,000g) and flow rates ranging from 1.4 to 20 1, hr. Slight, losses in cell viability were noted and postulated as caused by the shear stresses encountered by the cells. Some pumping studies using the lymphoma cells substantiate this conclusion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100509
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physics of polymer surfaces and interfaces. Edited by Isaac C. Sanchez, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992, 336 pp. (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1088-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400623
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer in liquid-lithium systems (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 6 (1960), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The behavior of type-304 stainless steel in a forced-convection closed-loop lithium system was investigated over a wide range of temperatures and velocities. Fundamental information concerning the mechanism for mass transport has been obtained by examining solution and deposition effects along flat plates. The rate-determining process for solution is transport from the solid to the interface, whereas deposition rates are liquid-phase controlled.Liquid-phase mass transfer coefficients were correlated with a maximum deviation of approximately 15% by the use of von Kàrmàn's analysis of the turbulent boundary layer along a flat plate, combined with the Chilton-Colburn empirical modification of the Schmidt group. In contrast no adequate model is available for the prediction of solution rate constants which must be determined experimentally. Mean values of the solution rate constants ranged from 0.154 to 0.750 × 10-5 cm./sec. at temperatures from 510° to 612°C. These values are on the order of 103 smaller than corresponding liquid-phase mass transfer coefficients.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690060127
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer with liquid lithium in circular conduits (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 216-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Forced convection mass transfer between circular tubes and liquid lithium was experimentally investigated over a range of Schmidt numbers from 40 to 57 and Reynolds numbers from 5,550 to 22,500. Information concerning the mechanism for mass transfer was obtained by measuring local solution and deposition rates as a function of distance along the tubes. Observed entrance effects for the solution process suggest that it involves the parallel mechanisms of diffusion through a solid film and through occluded liquid in grain boundaries. It is indicated that the relative contributions of these processes changes with increasing temperature.A j-factor correlation of existing liquid metal mass transfer data for fully developed conditions in circular conduits is presented and indicates that an exponent of 0.112 for NRe best represents the data. This result agrees well with other studies (9).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070210
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rate of glycerol absorption by ion exchange resins (1963)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 9 (1963), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690090229
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toughening of unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins with liquid rubbers (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 1086-1097 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A comprehensive study of toughening unsaturated polyster and vinyl ester resins by addition of liquid rubbers was carried out by considering the effects of cure temperature and gel time on final resin/rubber morphology. The objective was to produce a dispersed rubber phase consisting of particles less than 15 μm in diameter with the addition of limited amounts of rubber, so as not to seriously reduce the modulus and strength of the base resin. A variety of liquid rubbers was used including those based on poly(butadiene acrylonitrile), poly(epichlorohydrin), and two poly(acrylates). Fracture toughness of unmodified and rubber modified materials was measured using the compact tension (CT) test geometry. Significant improvements in fracture toughness were achieved with little to no change in Young's modulus or glass transition temperature. With modest rubber additions, the fracture toughness increased up to 62% for the polyester resin and up to 116% for the vinyl ester resin. In general, fracture toughness increases with increases in volume fraction of rubbery second-phase particles. However, results suggest that two-phase particles may be more effective tougheners than single-phase particles. The toughening mechanism appears to depend on the type of rubbery particle morphology present.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351304
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preconcentration and determination of lead(II) at crown ether and cryptand containing chemically modified electrodes (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 1 (1989), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) containing incorporated crown ether and cryptand ligands as modifiers were evaluated for their ability to preconcentrate metal cations prior to quantitation by conventional voltammetric methods. Stable CMEs were formed for 18-crown-6, dibenzo-18-crown-6, poly(dibenzo-18-crown-6), dibenzo-24-crown-8, and 2.2.2-cryptand by mixing the desired amount of the ligand into carbon paste. The resulting electrodes exhibited complexing capabilities that were similar to those of the free ligands. In particular, the CMEs were very reactive toward Pb2+ and Hg2+. Pb2+ uptake was sufficiently strong that a detection limit of 1 μM was obtained following a 20-sec exposure to the sample and transfer to a blank electrolysis solution for differential pulse voltammetric analysis. Accurate quantitation of micromolar levels of Pb in water and urine reference standards was achieved at the CMEs by means of a simple procedure requiring minimal sample preparation. Finally, the analytical characteristics of CME preconcentration were directly compared to those of the electrodeposition approach ordinarily employed in stripping voltammetry.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140010104
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LCEC determination of the copper protein ceruloplasmin in human serum at a polyaniline chemically modified electrode (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 1 (1989), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A chemically modified electrode (CME) for use in the amperometric detection of the copper protein ceruloplasmin was constructed by electropolymerizing a polyaniline coating onto glassy carbon. The resultant CME, used in liquid chromatographic detection, gave an electrocatalytic response for ceruloplasmin reduction that could be employed directly by itself or could be greatly enhanced by the addition of Fe2+ to the mobile phase. Optimum detection was achieved at an applied potential of -0.10 V vs. Ag/AgCl and with 1 mM Fe2+ in the mobile phase. The detection limit obtained under these conditions was 2 pmol injected, and the response was linear for concentrations at least 2 orders of magnitude higher. The CME retained more than 90% of its initial response to ceruloplasmin over 30 hours of continuous exposure to the chromatographic flowstream. In practice, the liquid chromatography CME response was sensitive and selective enough to permit quantitation of physiologically relevant levels of ceruloplasmin in human serum with no sample pretreatment other than preinjection filtration.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140010208
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microfabrication technology of flexible membrane based sensors for in vivo applications (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 846-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Ion-selective electrodes ; Membrane sensors ; In vivo sensors ; pH ; Potassium ion ; Calcium ion sensors ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Potentiometric ion-sensitive planar microelectrode arrays, and amperornetric enzyme-containing biosensors were fabricated by photolithographic microelectronic technology on a flexible polyimide substrate. The steps of the microelectronics processing are summarized in more detail than previously described. The ion-selective electrodes were tested in blood serum, whole blood, and in the hamstring muscle of anesthetized rabbits. The test and performance characteristics of planar pH are emphasized, and K+, Na+, and Ca2+ data are included in this review. New applied results are presented from experiments where the electrodes have been implanted into an in situ porcine beating heart at the midmyocardial depth in order to monitor H+ and K+ changes during the course of coronary artery occlusion.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140070910
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