Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 862-873 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Palladium-Catalyzed Telomerization of Isoprene with AlcoholsIsoprene and the three nucleophiles 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, benzyl alcohol, and furfuryl alcohol are converted in a palladium-catalyzed process into mixtures of terpenoic ethers. Ten telomers (1-4 and 5-7a,b) were isolated as the main products and characterized by their spectral data. With trifluoroethanol the tail-to-head linkage of the isoprene units was predominant; with the bulkier nucleophiles benzyl alcohol and furfuryl alcohol only the tail-to-tail coupling was observed. Palladium complexes with ligands of high basicity and small cone angles are active catalysts. In the telomerization with trifluoroethanol, arylphosphanes and alkyl phosphites as ligands at Pd gave the best yields of telomers; with benzyl alcohol and furfuryl alcohol, arylphosphanes and unbranched alkylphosphanes are the most active ligands. The product distribution could be controlled by catalyst, solvent, and reaction parameters. The highest yields of telomers were obtained at mild temperatures (70°C) and long reaction times (≍ 100 h). A mechanism based on bridged dinuclear palladium complexes is discussed.
    Notes: Isopren konnte durch Palladium-katalysierte Umsetzung mit den drei Nucleophilen 2,2,2-Trifluorethanol, Benzylalkohol und Furfurylalkohol in Gemische terpenoider Ether übergeführt werden. Als Hauptprodukte wurden zehn Telomere (1-4 und 5-7a, b) isoliert, deren Konstitution spektroskopisch ermittelt wurde. Mit Trifluorethanol trat bevorzugt eine Schwanz-Kopf-Verknüpfung der Isopren-Einheiten, mit Benzylalkohol und Furfurylalkohol ausschließlich Schwanz-Schwanz-Verknüpfung ein. Palladium-Komplexe mit Liganden hoher Basizität und niedriger Raumerfüllung erwiesen sich als aktive Katalysatoren. Bei der Telomerisation mit Trifluorethanol ergaben Arylphosphane und Alkylphosphite als Pd-Liganden die besten Ausbeuten; mit Benzylakohol und Furfurylalkohol waren Arylphosphane und unverzweigte Alkylphosphane die aktivsten Liganden. Die Produktverteilung konnte durch den Katalysator, das Lösungsmittel und die Reaktionsparameter gesteuert werden. Beste Telomerenausbeuten wurden bei milden Temperaturen (70°C) und langen Reaktionszeiten (≍ 100 h) erreicht. Ein Mechanismus wird diskutiert, in dem verbrückte zweikernige Palladium-Komplexe die aktive Zwischenstufe darstellen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 991-1015 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Possibilities of Controling Transition Metal-catalyzed Reactions of 1,3-Dienes with Carbon DioxideThe reaction of butadiene with carbon dioxide using homogeneous palladium, ruthenium, and nickel catalysts affords the C9-lactone 2-ethylidene-6-hepten-5-olide (3) in yields up to 59%. In contrast, rhodium catalysts give rise to the formation of the C13-lactone 2-ethyl-2,4,9-undecatrien-4-olide (10) by connection of three molecules of butadiene with carbon dioxide. The C13-lactone can also be synthesized by the rhodium-catalyzed reaction of the C9-lactone with butadiene. - Trialkylphosphines containing a CHR2-group bound to the phosphorus and phosphorous or arsenic ylides proved to be extraordinarily effective and selective ligands in the synthesis of the C9-lactone. This effect is interpreted by an activation of carbon dioxide by means of the ligand. In the reaction of butadiene with CO2, allyl and carboxylate complexes of the transition metals are proposed to be the mechanistic intermediates. In fact, the carboxylate complex bis(2-ethylidene-4,6-heptadienoato)bis(triisopropylphosphane)palladium (22) was isolated by a stoichiometric reaction starting with the C9-lactone. This complex, of which the structure was determined by X-ray analysis, proved to be an excellent one-component catalyst in the reaction of butadiene and CO2. - Isoprene and piperylene can be linked up with butadiene and carbon dioxide yielding new δ-lactones (32, 34, 36). The insertion of carbon dioxide takes place at the allyl group which is formed by the butadiene.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von Butadien mit Kohlendioxid führt bei Einsatz homogener Palladium-, Ruthenium- und Nickelkomplex-Katalysatoren in Ausbeuten bis zu 59% zum C9-Lacton 2-Ethyliden-6-hepten-5-olid (3). Mit Rhodiumkatalysatoren wird die Reaktion umgesteuert, und drei Moleküle Butadien verknüpfen sich mit Kohlendioxid unter Bildung des C13-Lactons 2-Ethyl-2,4,9-undecatrien-4-olid (10). Dieses C13-Lacton kann auch rhodiumkatalysiert aus dem C9-Lacton und Butadien hergestellt werden. - Bei der C9-Lacton-Synthese werden die herausragenden Steuerungseigenschaften der Trialkylphosphane mit CHR2-Substituenten am Phosphor über eine Aktivierung des Kohlendioxids durch den Liganden interpretiert. Eine analoge Aktivierung wird bei Zusatz von Phosphor- und Arsen-Ylidliganden beobachtet. Als mechanistische Zwischenstufen der Butadien/CO2-Reaktion werden Übergangsmetall-Allyl- und Carboxylat-Spezies angenommen. Ausgehend vom C9-Lacton konnte ein Carboxylat-Komplex, Bis(2-ethyliden-4,6-heptadienoato)bis(triisopropylphosphan)palladium (22), isoliert und durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse vermessen werden. Dieser Komplex ist gleichzeitig ein guter Einkomponentenkatalysator für die Butadien-CO2-Reaktion. - Isopren bzw. Piperylen können gemeinsam mit Butadien und Kohlendioxid zu δ-Lactonen (32, 34, 36), verknüpft werden. Die Insertion des Kohlendioxids erfolgt dabei jeweils in die Allylgruppe, die sich aus dem Butadien bildet.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 10 (1987), S. 16-27 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Although carbon dixoide is important as an abundant carbonaceous raw material, so far, its utilization in chemical processes has been rather limited. This review covers the reactions of CO2 employed in industry, such as the production of urea, the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, the synthesis of cyclic organic carbonates and the use of CO2 in methanol synthesis. Interesting recent developments in CO2 chemistry, such as the reactions catalyzed by transition metals, are also described. Apart from the synthesis of polymers and hydrocarbons, the production of oxygen-containing substances appears to be very profitable and attractive for future industrial applications. Not only can derivatives of formic and carbonic acids be produced but also longer-chain carboxylic acids and their derivatives by reactions of carbon dioxide with hydrocarbons such as alkynes, alkenes and 1,3-dienes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 57 (1985), S. 893-903 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Use of carbon dioxide in industrial organic syntheses. Although carbon dioxide is important as an abundant carbonaceous raw material, its utilization in chemical processes so far has been rather limited. This review covers the reactions of CO2 employed in industry, such as the production of urea, the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, the synthesis of cyclic organic carbonates, and the use of CO2 in methanol synthesis. Interesting recent developments in CO2 chemistry, especially the transition metal catalyzed reactions, are also elucidated. In addition to the synthesis of polymers and hydrocarbons, the production of oxygen-containing chemicals seems to be very profitable and attractive for future industrial applications. Not only can derivatives of formic acid and carbonic acid be formed but longer-chain carboxylic acids and their derivatives are also accessible by reactions of carbon dioxide with hydrocarbons such as alkynes, alkenes, and 1,3-dienes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The radical polymerization of esters of acrylic, methacrylic or crotonic acid with fatty alcohols proved to be an efficient method for production of polymers with hydrophobic moieties. By co-polymerisation with hydrophilic co-monomers - such as maleic anhydride - copolymers with a broad spectrum of properties can be designed. As an example the copolymerisation of fatty crotonates with maleic anhydride was studied in detail. The reaction was carried out as bulk polymerisation in a semi-batch process. By this method the compatibility problems of the two monomers, which have very different hydrophilicities could be overcome. The product acts as a very effective fat liquoring agent in leather treatment: the maleic moieties cause an outstanding fixing of the agent on the leather and the fatty crotonate moieties create a very smooth leather. Terpolymers of fatty acrylates, hydrophilic monomers and terpenes could also be synthesized in a similar way. These terpolymers proved to be useful as dispersing agents for pigments in paints and varnishes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 65 (1993), S. 568-569 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 685-695 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Techical Concepts for the Recycling of Homogeneous Catalysts. Homogeneous transition metal catalysis will only be used by industry if almost complete recycling of the expensive catalyst is guaranteed. This can be realized by using the liquid-liquid two phase technique in which the catalyst stays in one liquid phase and the products in another. This contribution gives a general survey of this technique and different ideas for its technical realization.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 65 (1993), S. 1377-1379 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 55 (1983), S. 960-962 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...