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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 46 (1997), S. 121-125 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lokalanästhetika: Bupivacain ; Mepivacain ; Spinalanästhesie: Anschlagzeit ; Wirkdauer ; single-dose ; Key words Local anaesthetics: bupivacaine ; mepivacaine ; hyperbaric ; Spinal anaesthesia: duration ; onset ; single-dose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background: Single-dose spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric local anaesthetic provides profound analgesia and motor blockade and allows exact assessment of the analgesic level. The present prospective, randomised study compares a mixture of plain 0.5% bupivacaine and hyperbaric 4% mepivacaine with hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine with regard to onset time of analgesia and duration of the sensory and motor blockade. Methods: One hundred and twenty-two orthopaedic patients (69 m/53 f, aged 20–91 years) scheduled for elective lower limb surgery under spinal anaesthesia were randomly allocated to one of two groups. In group 1, 67 patients received a 1:1 mixture of plain 0.5% bupivacaine and hyperbaric 4% mepivacaine (density: 1,015 kg/m3, 37° C). In group 2, 55 patients received hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine (density: 1,021). The lumbar puncture was performed between L3 and L5 using a 26 G Quincke needle through a 20 G introducer with the patients either in the sitting or lateral position. The local anaesthetic was administered with an injection speed of 1 ml per 5 s. Patients with a body height 〈160 cm received 2.0 ml, those 160–180 cm 3,0 ml, and those 〉180 cm 4.0 ml. The level of analgesia was registered every minute by pin-prick until the maximal analgesic level was reached. The time of regression of analgesia to the level of T 12 and regression of the motor block to Bromage scale 3 was registered. The data were analysed using Student’s t-test with P〈0.05 considered as significant. Results: Demographic data did not differ between groups. In group 1, the onset time of analgesia was faster than in group 2 (8±3 vs. 14±5 min, P〈0.001). While in group 1 the onset time of analgesia was faster in patients injected sitting compared to those in the lateral position (p〈0.05), there was no position-related difference in group 2. The groups also did not differ with respect to the maximal level of analgesia and the duration of sensory and motor blockade. Conclusions: The local anaesthetic mixture may be preferred to hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine in patients requiring a fast onset of analgesia associated with a 2–3 h duration of sensory and motor block.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende, prospektiv randomisierte Studie vergleicht eine Lokalanästhetikamischung aus isobarem Bupivacain 0,5% und hyperbarem Mepivacain 4% mit hyperbarem Bupivacain 0,5% in ihrer Auswirkung auf die Anschlagzeit der Analgesie, das maximale Analgesieniveau und die Dauer der sensomotorischen Blockade. Methodik: Hierzu wurden 122 orthopädische Patienten (69 m/53 w, Alter 20–91 Jahre) randomisiert zwei Gruppen zugeordnet. In Gruppe 1 erhielten 67 Patienten eine Mischung aus isobarem Bupivacain 0,5% und hyperbarem Mepivacain 4% im Verhältnis 1:1. In Gruppe 2 erhielten 55 Patienten Bupivacain 0,5% hyperbar. Die Anschlagzeit der Analgesie wurde mittels pin-prick-Test im Minutenabstand bis zum Erreichen des maximalen Analgesieniveaus dokumentiert. Weiterhin wurde die Dauer der sensomotorischen Blockade (Regression der Analgesie bis Th 12, Bromage 3) registriert. Ergebnisse: Zwischen den Gruppen bestanden keine demographischen Unterschiede. In Gruppe 1 (LA-Mischung) wurde das maximale Analgesieniveau mit 8±3 (3–15) min eher erreicht, als in Gruppe 2 (LA-Monosubstanz) mit 14±5 (6–30) min (p〈0,001). Dagegen war das maximale Analgesieniveau mit Th 8±2 in beiden Gruppen identisch. Die Dauer der sensorischen (Gruppe 1: 148±36 min, Gruppe 2: 164±42 min) und motorischen (Gruppe 1: 143±36 min, Gruppe 2: 154±42 min) Blockade war ebenfalls vergleichbar. Schlußfolgerungen: Aufgrund der schnelleren Anschlagzeit bei ansonsten gleichartigem klinischen Wirkprofil ist die untersuchte LA-Mischung bei Patienten, bei denen ein rascher Analgesieeintritt und eine Blockadedauer von 2–3 h angezeigt ist, dem hyperbaren Bupivacain 0,5% überlegen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Phosphoglucomutase ; pgmB ; Aspergillus nidulans ; Carbon metabolism ; Transcriptional regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have isolated the pgmB gene from Aspergillus nidulans, which encodes a phosphoglucomutase, one of the key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism. The pgmB gene is located on chromosome VII and its ORF encodes 557 amino acids. Mutant phenotypes were analysed by expression of high levels of pgmB antisense RNA, which lead to a loss of detectable levels of sense RNA. Under conditions of antisense RNA expression, a 30% reduction in the growth rate was observed in comparison to wild-type. On the enzyme level, expression of pgmB antisense RNA resulted in a 35% reduction in total phosphoglucomutase activity. Two pgmB mRNAs were observed under all conditions tested and differ with respect to the location of the poly(A) site. Expression of pgmB driven by the GAL1 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae complemented the growth phenotype of a pgm2Δ mutant strain and suppressed the sensitivity of a gcn4Δ mutant strain to amino acid starvation in the presence of galactose. Cultivation of A. nidulans in the presence of glucose or galactose as carbon source did not affect transcription of pgmB. However, amino acid starvation conditions resulted in a six-fold reduction in the level of pgmB mRNA, while genes for amino acid biosynthesis showed increased transcription. Transcription of pgmB was low during hyphal growth and in the sexual phase of development, but was significantly increased during the asexual stage of the A. nidulans life cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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