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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 49 (1982), S. 265-273 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Isolated hepatocytes ; Carbon tetrachloride ; Ferrous ions ; Lipid peroxidation ; Ethane ; n-Pentane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Isolated rat hepatocytes (1×107 cells/ml) were aerobically incubated in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium which contained 2.0% albumin. As potential parameters of lipid peroxidation ethane and n-pentane formed were measured in samples obtained from the gas phase above the incubation mixture. 15–30 nmol ethane or n-pentane were produced by 107 hepatocytes within 90 min. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or ADP-complexed ferrous ions stimulated ethane and n-pentane formation considerably, depending on the concentrations of the compounds. With CCl4 107 cells formed max 180 nmol ethane and 140 nmol n-pentane within 90 min incubation, whereas with Fe(II) max 130 nmol ethane and 220 nmol n-pentane could be detected. When n-pentane was added to the gas phase above the incubation mixture containing either medium or medium plus hepatocytes its amount decreased by 30% within the first 5 min of incubation. However, afterwards only minor amounts of n-pentane disappeared, even in the presence of hepatocytes. This indicates that n-pentane equilibrates with the cell suspension under the conditions used. Cell viability, as determined by the release of lactate dehydrogenase into the medium and by the uptake of trypan blue by the cells, and the recovery of the cells decreased only in presence of relatively high concentrations of CCl4, or Fe(II) respectively. However, a maximal effect on ethane and n-pentane formation was reached already with lower concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 39 (1977), S. 31-39 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Catechols ; Isoproterenol ; Ethinyloestradiol ; Covalent protein binding ; Reactive metabolites ; Rat liver microsomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wenn Ratten mit 14 μg/kg 3H-Isoproterenol behandelt wurden, konnte bis 48 h danach in der Leber 3H-Radioaktivität gemessen werden. Diese Menge war nicht unterschiedlich in Lebern von Tieren, welche mit Diäthylmaleat vorbehandelt waren. Nach erschöpfender Extraktion konnte eine beträchtliche Menge an 3H-Radioaktivität aus Isoproterenol in den Proteinen von Gesamtleber (Homogenat), Cytosol und von Mikrosomen gefunden werden. In der Cytosolfraktion von Diäthylmaleat vorbehandelten Tieren wurde die zweifache Menge von Isoproterenol-Radioaktivität in den extrahierten Proteinen gefunden, im Vergleich zu Kontrollen. In der mikrosomalen Fraktion gab es keinen Unterschied bei der Radioaktivitätsmenge, die in Proteine eingebaut war. In allen Fraktionen nahm die Radioaktivität, die in den extrahierten Proteinen meßbar war, mit einer Halbwertszeit von etwa 24 h ab. Die in vivo-Ergebnisse über kovalente Proteinbindung von Isoproterenol werden verglichen mit der irreversiblen Proteinbindung von Äthinylöstradiol in vivo. Quantitativ werden diese in vivo-Befunde mit den Resultaten zur irreversiblen Proteinbindung verglichen, die während Inkubationen von Isoproterenol oder Äthinylöstradiol mit Rattenlebermikrosomen erhalten wurden.
    Notes: Abstract When rats were dosed with 14 μg/kg 3H-isoproterenol, 3H-radioactivity was measurable in the liver until 48 h. This amount was not different in livers of animals which have been pretreated with diethyl maleate. After exhaustive extraction, a significant amount of 3H-radioactivity from isoproterenol could be detected in the proteins of total liver (homogenate), of cytosol and of microsomes. In the cytosol fraction of diethyl maleate pretreated animals twice the amount of isoproterenol-radioactivity was found in the extracted proteins compared to controls. In the microsomal fraction there was no difference between diethyl maleate pretreated and control animals in the amount of radioactivity incorporated into proteins. In all fractions the radioactivity measurable in the extracted proteins declined with a half life time of about 24 h. The in vivo results on covalent binding of isoproterenol are compared to the irreversible protein binding of ethinyloestradiol in vivo. Quantitatively, these in vivo data are compared to the results on irreversible protein binding obtained during incubations of isoproterenol or ethinyloestradiol with rat liver microsomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 103 (1982), S. 39-48 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Adriamycin ; Cardiotoxicity ; Covalent protein binding ; Metabolic activation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Covalent binding of 3H-labeled adriamycin metabolites to bovine serum albumin and microsomal protein is demonstrated in an aerobic incubation system with rat liver and rat heart microsomes, respectively, using exhaustive organic solvent extraction and gel chromatography. Covalent protein binding was dependent on active microsomes, NADPH, and oxygen and was inhibited by reduced glutathione and other sulfhydryl compounds. The anthracycline moiety was spectrophotometrically evidenced in the adriamycin metabolite(s) covalently bound to protein. Thus, enzymatic activation of adriamycin in the heart with consecutive covalent protein binding of reactive adriamycin semiquinone radicals may contribute to adriamycin cardiotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Catechols ; Pyrogallols ; Lipid peroxidation ; Liver microsomes ; Carbon tetrachloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lipid peroxidation was induced in rat liver microsomes either by iron-ADP-complexes or by carbon tetrachloride in the presence of NADPH. Different compounds containing catechol or pyrogallol structures were examined for their activities to inhibit lipid peroxidation in both systems. In general, all compounds tested showed similar inhibitory activities on lipid peroxidation, if induced by ferrous ion-ADP-complexes or by carbon tetrachloride. This inhibition is explained by the suggestion that catechols and pyrogallos inhibit at the lipid site of the membrane, rather than at the enzymic site. Compounds not containing catechol or pyrogallol groups inhibited lipid peroxidation only weakly. O-Methylation resulted in a decrease of the inhibitory effect. Catecholor pyrogallol-derivatives which contained polar functional side chains, like carboxyl- or amino groups showed minor inhibitory effects compared to the esterified or N-alkylated compounds. Dihydroxychlorpromazine, 2-hydroxy-estradiol and 2-hydroxyethinylestradiol were the most effective inhbitors of microsomal lipid peroxidation (I50-values of 1×10−6 to 2×10−7 M). The inhibitory activity of α-tocopherol, glutathione and ascorbic acid, naturally occurring antioxidants, was about three orders of magnitude lower. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and iron-ADP-complexes in the presence of NADPH and liposomes was also observed with catechols. From our results we assume that the molecular structure of a catechol or pyrogallol functional group is a prequisite for an effective inhibition of lipid peroxidation by these chemicals. Furthermore, the results are discussed in relation to the requisite membrane affinity of catechols, pyrogallols and other antioxidants which might be used for inhibition studies on lipid peroxidation in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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