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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 64 (1990), S. 663-668 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: [3H]-Soman ; CBDP ; MEPQ ; Mice ; Carboxylesterase ; Cholinesterase ; Whole body autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Soman poisoning presents a problem in terms of its detailed pathophysiology and its detoxification mechanism(s). The present study was designed to evaluate the role of carboxylesterases (CaE) and cholinesterase (ChE) in the distribution and detoxification of soman in vivo. Mice were injected (i.v.) with 0.06–1.0 LD50 of [3H]-soman, 60 min following pretreatment with either 2-O-cresyl-4H-1∶2∶3 benzodioxa-phosphorine-2-oxide (CBDP), which blocks CaE or 7-(methylethoxyphosphinyloxy)-1-methyl quinolinium iodide (MEPQ), which selectively inhibits intravascular ChE. One hour after [3H]-soman administration animals were sacrificed and whole body autoradiography was performed. High concentrations of [3H]-soman were found in lung and kidney in control mice, and low concentrations were found in central nervous system. Pretreatment with CBDP caused a 93% decrease in radioactive labelling in the lung, and a minor decrease in overall labelling, whereas pretreatment with MEPQ did not change the distribution pattern of [3H]-soman. It is concluded that lung is a major target organ for soman detoxification and that it exerts this effect by means of enzymatic reaction with soman through the abundant amounts of CaE which are present in the lung. Intravascular ChE has little (if any) effect on the distribution and detoxification of soman in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 92 (1997), S. 127-148 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Variational inequalities ; nonsymmetric operators ; regularization ; conditioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A measure of the conditioning of an operator, depending on the strong monotonicity constant and the Dunn constant, is introduced. A notion of regularization with respect to some operator, which generalizes classical Yosida regularization, is defined. In particular, this transformation allows the construction of decomposition algorithms. The effect of this generalized regularization on the conditioning is studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 97 (1998), S. 407-433 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Variational equalities ; optimization problems ; monotonicity ; regularization ; Dunn property ; firm contraction ; convergence of algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For nonsymmetric operators involved in variational inequalities, the strong monotonicity of their possibly multivalued inverse operators (referred to as the Dunn property) appears to be the weakest requirement to ensure convergence of most iterative algorithms of resolution proposed in the literature. This implies the Lipschitz property, and both properties are equivalent for symmetric operators. For Lipschitz operators, the Dunn property is weaker than strong monotonicity, but is stronger than simple monotonicity. Moreover, it is always enforced by the Moreau–Yosida regularization and it is satisfied by the resolvents of monotone operators. Therefore, algorithms should always be applied to this regularized version or they should use resolvents: in a sense, this is what is achieved in proximal and splitting methods among others. However, the operation of regularization itself or the computation of resolvents may be as complex as solving the original variational inequality. In this paper, the concept of progressive regularization is introduced and a convergent algorithm is proposed for solving variational inequalities involving nonsymmetric monotone operators. Essentially, the idea is to use the auxiliary problem principle to perform the regularization operation and, at the same time, to solve the variational inequality in its approximately regularized version; thus, two iteration processes are performed simultaneously, instead of being nested in each other, yielding a global explicit iterative scheme. Parallel and sequential versions of the algorithm are presented. A simple numerical example demonstrates the behavior of these two versions for the case where previously proposed algorithms fail to converge unless regularization or computation of a resolvent is performed at each iteration. Since the auxiliary problem principle is a general framework to obtain decomposition methods, the results presented here extend the class of problems for which decomposition methods can be used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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