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  • Cardioactive substances  (1)
  • Materials science  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 91 (1984), S. 255-267 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Bioassays ; Cardioactive substances ; Glycoside poisoning ; Glykosidvergiftung ; Bioassay ; Herzaktive Substanzen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Bioassays als postmortalen Nachweisverfahren für Herzglykosidvergiftungen wird versucht, die kardioaktive Wirkung der in Organen enthaltenen Glykosidkonzentration darzustellen. Ein kardioaktiv wirksames Prinzip, das aus alkoholischen Extrakten menschlicher Nieren gefunden wurde, konnte jedoch dem bekannten Tyramin zugeordnet werden. Der Nachweis gelang nach kombinierter Reinigung mittels Kationenaustausch an Sephadex CM C-25, Gelfiltration und HPLC sowie durch Massenspektroskopie nach besonders vorsichtigem Kationenaustausch. Dabei wurden die Fragmentierungsmuster von Tyramin durch Verdampfung der isolierten, biologisch wirksamen Substanz sowie nach Derivatisierung zum Trifluoroacetylderivat erhalten. IR-Spektren und UV-Daten stimmen ebenfalls mit Tyramin überein. Die Erfassung der von Herzglykosiden unterscheidbaren pharmakologischen Wirkung erfolgte über den positiv inotropen und positiv chronotropen Effekt am rechten und über den positiv inotropen Effekt am linken Meerschweinchen-Vorhof. Die Untersuchungen zeigen die zweifelhafte Basis früherer gerichtlicher Entscheidungen, bei denen Bioassays den Nachweis der Herzglykosid-Giftwirkung erbringen sollten.
    Notes: Summary Bioassays involving the measurement of cardioactivity have been used in the past to determine glycoside concentration in post-mortem specimens following glycoside poisoning. This paper describes the presence of a cardioactive principle in alcoholic extracts of kidney that could interfere with these bioassays and which has been identified as tyramine. For the analysis of tyramine a combination of purification methods was employed, including cation exchange with Sephadex CM C-25, gel filtration and HPLC. Detection was achieved using mass spectrometry after careful cation-exchange treatment. The fragmentation pattern with and without prior formation of the TFA-derivative corresponded to that tyramine. IR and UV spectra also indicated the presence of tyramine. Under suitable experimental conditions, positive inotropic and positive chronotropic effects on the right guinea-pig atrium and positive inotropic effect on the left guinea-pig atrium produced by the kidney extract can be shown to differ from those cardiac glycosides. These investigations bring into question earlier court decisions made in legal processes which have been based upon the results of bioassays for the evaluation of cardiac glycoside toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 7 (1968), S. 835-844 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Oligophenyls ; Oligophenylenes ; Polyphenyls ; Heat resistance ; Materials science ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The classical and modern syntheses of oligophenyls and polyphenyls are compared to illustrate the value and the range of applications of the preparation methods described. The investigations showed a relationship between the number, arrangement, and substitution of the aromatic rings and the physical properties of the products. The melting point of the p-polyphenyls rises with increasing degree of condensation. Methylation, and linkage in the m-positions lowers the melting point and at the same time improves the solubility. o-Oligophenyls melt at lower temperatures than the p-isomers. The highest-melting substance in this class in p-septiphenyl, which melts at 545 °C.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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