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Screening for colorectal cancer (2000)

Saito, Hiroshi

Springer

Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. S78

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ISSN: 1530-0358

Keywords: Screening ; Colorectal cancer ; Immunochemical fecal occult blood test ; Evaluation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Screening for colorectal cancer using a guaiac-based fecal occult blood, or Hemoccult®, test has been demonstrated to reduce colorectal cancer mortality. However, the magnitude of effectiveness is relatively low because of poor sensitivity of the Hemoccult® test. The immunochemical fecal occult blood test has been shown to be much more sensitive than the Hemoccult® test in detecting preclinical colorectal cancer in an asymptomatic population. The purpose of this article is to discuss the validity of the immunochemical fecal occult blood test and the efficacy of a population-based screening program using the test. METHODS: Relevant articles were primarily identified through MEDLINE search. Review was focused on the studies of population screening programs with the immunochemical fecal occult blood test. RESULTS: Sensitivities for colorectal cancer calculated in the same population were reported to be 67 to 89 percent and only 33 to 37 percent for the immunochemical test and Hemoccult® test, respectively. Case-control studies and other observational studies showed that screening programs using the immunochemical fecal occult blood test by hemagglutination reaction would reduce the risk of dying of colorectal cancer by 60 percent or more for those screened annually compared with those unscreened. It was also shown that a screening strategy using the immunochemical fecal occult blood test had the best cost-effectiveness ratio among the methods available. Nearly 5 million persons are currently screened per year in Japan, yielding 0.15 to 0.2 percent colorectal cancer cases among persons with positive fecal occult blood test results. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that a screening program with immunochemical fecal occult blood test has promising advantages in terms of effectiveness over programs with the Hemocult® test. More stress is warranted on introduction of immunochemical fecal occult blood testing as a screening test in place of the guaiac fecal occult blood test.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02237230

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Suramin interrupts androgen-inducible autocrine loop involving heparin binding growth factor in mouse mammary cancer (Shionogi carcinoma 115) cells (1993)

Kasayama, Soji ; Saito, Hiroshi ; Kouhara, Haruhiko ; [et al.]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Cellular Physiology 154 (1993), S. 254-261

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ISSN: 0021-9541

Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: The androgen-dependent clonal cell line SC-3, derived from Shionogi carcinoma 115, secretes a fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-autocrine growth factor in response to androgen, which is able to bind to FGF receptors. In SC-3 cells, FGF receptor expression is upregulated by the SC-3-derived growth factor, providing a means of amplifying an autocrine loop of cell growth. In the present investigations, the effect of the polysulfonated naphthylurea suramin on this autocrine loop and its amplification in SC-3 cells were studied. Suramin inhibited androgen-dependent growth of SC-3 cells in a concentration-dependent fashion: ∼50% inhibition was observed at 25 μM. [3H]Thymidine incorporation into the cells stimulated with partially purified SC-3-derived growth factor was inhibited by suramin in a similar way. Additionally, suramin inhibited acidic (a) or basic (b) FGF-induced cell proliferation, though relatively high concentrations were necessary to achieve the maximal inhibition. Pretreatment of SC-3 cells with suramin decreased cell surface 125I-bFGF binding without altering dissociation constant (Kd) of the binding sites. When the cells were incubated with 250 μM suramin for 24 h, the maximum binding (Bmax) decreased to almost 50% of the control. Treatment with suramin also decreased the levels of FGF receptor-1 mRNA to a similar extent, whereas it appeared not to affect the levels of β-actin mRNA. Moreover, suramin completely blocked androgen- or bFGF-induced accumulation of FGF receptor-1 mRNA. The inhibitory effects of suramin on FGF receptor expression were reversed by simultaneous addition of high concentrations of bFGF. These results indicate that suramin exerts its potent antiproliferative action on SC-3 cells through inhibition of an androgen-inducible autocrine loop involving SC-3-derived growth factor and FGF receptor. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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