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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (65)
  • Familial adenomatous polyposis  (8)
  • Ileoanal reservoir  (7)
  • Electromyography  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cinedefecography and electromyography in the diagnosis of nonrelaxing puborectalis syndrome (1993)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 36 (1993), S. 668-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Paradoxical puborectalis contraction ; Nonrelaxing puborectalis syndrome ; Anismus ; Constipation ; Defecography ; Electromyography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A prospective study was undertaken to assess the correlation between electromyography (EMG) and cinedefecography (CD) for the diagnosis of nonrelaxing puborectalis syndrome (NRPR). Clinical criteria for NRPR included straining, incomplete evacuation, tenesmus, and the need for enemas, suppositories, or digitation. EMG criteria included failure to achieve a significant decrease in electrical activity of the puborectalis (PR) during attempted evacuation. CD criteria included either paradoxical contraction or failure of relaxation of the PR along with incomplete evacuation. In addition, other etiologies for incomplete evacuation, such as rectoanal intussusception or nonemptying rectocele, were excluded by proctoscopy and defecography in all cases. One hundred twelve patients with constipation, 81 females and 31 males, with a mean age of 59 (range, 12–83) years were studied by routine office evaluation, CD, and EMG. Forty-two patients (37 percent) had evidence of NRPR on CD (rectal emptying: none, 24; incomplete, 18). Twenty-eight of these patients (67 percent) also had evidence of NRPR on EMG. EMG findings of NRPR were present in 12 of 70 patients (17 percent) with normal rectal emptying. Conversely, 14 of 72 patients (19 percent) with normal PR relaxation on EMG had an NRPR pattern on CD. The sensitivity and specificity for the EMG diagnosis of NRPR were 67 percent and 83 percent, and the positive and negative predictive values were 70 percent and 80 percent, respectively. Conversely, if EMG is considered as the ideal test for the diagnosis of NRPR, CD had a sensitivity of 70 percent, a specificity of 80 percent, and positive and negative predictive values of 66 percent and 82 percent, respectively. In summary, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of EMG and CD are suboptimal. Therefore, a combination of these two tests is suggested for the diagnosis of NRPR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02238594
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: Is preoperative anal manometry predictive of postoperative functional outcome? (1994)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 37 (1994), S. 224-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis ; Ileoanal reservoir ; Anal manometry ; Incontinence ; Anorectal physiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the value of preoperative anal manometry in predicting postoperative continence. METHODS: Anal manometry was performed in 73 consecutive patients before ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery (m1), before loop ileostomy closure (m2), and at a follow-up of one (m3) and two (m4) years. Mean and maximum resting and squeezing pressures were documented at each occasion. One year after surgery, pressures were correlated (r)with an incontinence score. RESULTS: A significant (P 〈 0.05) decrease in mean resting pressures was observed after IPAA (m1=66 mmHg; m2=42.8 mmHg), followed by a significant (P 〈 0.05) improvement of mean resting pressure after loop ileostomy closure (m3 = 538 mmHg; m4 = 54.7 mmHg). Mean squeezing pressures did not change (P 〉 0.05) at any time during the study (m1 =114 mmHg; m2 = 102.9 mmHg; m3 = 103.4 mmHg; m4 = 95.8 mmHg). There was no correlation between preoperative mean resting pressure and postoperative (mI) incontinence score. CONCLUSION: Anal manometry showed a characteristic trend in internal anal sphincter injury after IPAA followed by recovery after ileostomy closure. However, it failed to prove helpful in the prediction of clinical outcome. Thus, although this study supports the continued use of manometry in a research setting, it challenges the value of routine manometry in a clinical context.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048159
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous mutation in familial adenomatous polyposis (1990)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 33 (1990), S. 52-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Familial adenomatous polyposis ; Spontaneous mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A retrospective review of the familial adenomatous polyposis registry at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation revealed an incidence of spontaneous mutation in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) of 22 percent of family kindreds. These patients were reviewed retrospectively and compared with the total FAP population followed at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation with respect to the onset of disease, the incidence of carcinoma in the resected colon, and incidence of extracolonic manifestations. Review of the characteristics and presentations of these patients suggested that these individuals may harbor a more severe form of FAP. This may be due, in part, to the delay in diagnosis and, therefore, a higher rate of development of colorectal carcinoma and possibly duodenal adenomas. There is also a demonstrable higher rate of extracolonic manifestations of FAP present in this subset of patients. When selecting the initial type of prophylactic colonic resection the surgeon should bear in mind the increased incidence of extracolonic manifestations of the disease in this group of patients and their potential for complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02053203
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictive value of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium as a clinical marker for familial adenomatous polyposis (1990)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 33 (1990), S. 1003-1008 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Familial adenomatous polyposis ; Congenital hypertrophy ; Retinal pigment epithelium ; Extracolonic manifestations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One hundred forty-eight members of 53 kindreds with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) were examined for congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) and extracolonic manifestations (ECM) to assess the value of CHRPE as a predictive marker for FAP. Based on eye examination results, the families were divided into 2 groups. In a first group of 34 families, all 61 members diagnosed as having polyps and 13 of the 33 patients at risk had 4 or more lesions distributed in both eyes. By contrast, in a second group of 18 families, all 32 polyposis patients and all 18 members at risk had less than 4 lesions. Extracolonic manifestations were present in 26 of 34 families in the first group and in 11 of 18 families in the second group. Data on one family with ambiguous ancestry were reviewed separately. The existence of 4 or more CHRPE lesions distributed in both eyes seems to be a congenital marker for FAP, present in 65.4 percent of families. When present in a family: 1) it is found in all diagnosed patients in that family, 2) can therefore be considered predictive for the development of polyps in other family members who carry the trait, and 3) if confirmed by longer follow-up, may possibly preclude members without the trait from further evaluation and surveillance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02139213
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noncytotoxic drug therapy for intra-abdominal desmoid tumor in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (1992)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 35 (1992), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Intra-abdominal desmoid tumor ; Familial adenomatous polyposis ; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ; Antiestrogen drugs ; Prostaglandin synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty of 416 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis were noted to have intra-abdominal desmoid tumors, and a subgroup of 16 were treated with noncytotoxic drug therapy. Drugs used were sulindac (14 patients), sulindac plus tamoxifen (3 patients), indomethacin (4 patients), tamoxifen (4 patients), progesterone (DEPO-PROVERA®; Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, MI) (2 patients), and testolactone (1 patient). Therapy with these drugs for continuous periods of six months or more resulted in three complete and seven partial remissions. When treated patients were compared with untreated patients (n=12), there were significant benefits for the treated group, both in reduction of desmoid size and in improvement of symptoms, despite the inherent selection bias against this. Sulindac was the only drug used in enough patients to permit independent evaluation of its effect, with one complete and seven partial reductions of tumor size. Some patients had a delayed response to sulindac, with tumor shrinkage occurring after an initial period of tumor enlargement. When using sulindac for the treatment of desmoid tumors, this phenomenon should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02053335
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retained mucosa after double-stapled ileal reservoir and ileoanal anastomosis (1992)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 35 (1992), S. 1051-1056 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Ileoanal reservoir ; Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis ; Mucosal ulcerative colitis ; Ulcerative colitis ; Double-stapled ; Dysplasia ; Restorative proctocolectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study was undertaken to assess the incidence of inflammation and dysplasia in retained mucosa after double-stapled ileoanal reservoir (IAR) for mucosal ulcerative colitis (MUC). Between September 1988 and February 1992, 56 patients with MUC underwent an IAR. Forty-five patients had a double-stapled IAR (DS-IAR), seven patients had a transanal pursestring stapled IAR (PS-IAR), and four patients had a PS-IAR with mucosectomy. Distal donuts obtained from the stapled IAR were submitted for pathologic review in 55 patients. Nine patients had only small bowel, connective tissue, and/or muscle noted on review. Mucosa was qualified as squamous epithelium (SE), transitional epithelium (TE), or columnar epithelium (CE). All samples were examined for evidence of inflammation and dysplasia. Four patients had SE only, one patient had TE, and 18 had CE. In addition, three patients had SE and CE, seven patients had SE and TE, two patients had CE and TE, and nine patients had all three types. The distance from the dentate line to the anastomosis ranged from 0 to 2.5 cm (mean, 1 cm). In 19 patients (35 percent), the distal donut revealed MUC. Of these 19 patients, six had persistent MUC (43 percent) at the time of subsequent biopsy. An additional four patients had MUC evident on follow-up biopsy but not on distal donuts; two of these four patients had no mucosa in their distal donuts. Only one of the patients with evidence of MUC on donuts and/or biopsy experienced any symptoms referable to active MUC (1.8 percent). None of the specimens examined had any evidence of dysplasia. In 31 patients, no MUC was present in the initial donuts or follow-up biopsies. Although the double-stapled technique appears safe, periodic monitoring is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02252995
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mortality in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (1990)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 33 (1990), S. 639-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Familial adenomatous polyposis ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Desmoid tumors ; Periampullary carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors identified 132 patients who died with a documented diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). A review of the medical records, autopsy reports, and in-depth discussion with local physicians and well-informed family members was performed. It was impossible, even after the review, to ascertain the exact cause of death in 22 patients. In the remaining patients, the cause of death was as follows: metastatic colorectal carcinoma, 64 patients (58.2 percent), (colon, 49 [44.5 percent], rectal, 15 [13.6 percent]); desmoid tumors, 12 (10.9 percent); periampullary carcinoma, 9 (8.2 percent); brain tumors, 8 (7.3 percent); perioperative mortalities, 5 (4.5 percent); adrenal carcinoma, 1 (0.9 percent); and abdominal carcinomatosis, 1 (0.9 percent). Ten patients died of causes not related to FAP. The major causes of death in 36 patients who underwent prophylactic colectomy were desmoid tumor and periampullary malignancy. This finding underscores the importance of lifelong surveillance and periodic endoscopic evaluation in patients with FAP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150736
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of sphincter function after the ileoanal reservoir procedure (1994)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 37 (1994), S. 419-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Kegel exercises ; Pelvic muscle exercises ; Ileoanal reservoir ; J-pouch ; Restorative proctocolectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Impairment of sphincter function in patients who undergo ileoanal reservoir is usually most severe immediately after ileostomy closure. Therefore, a prospective, randomized trial was undertaken to assess the potential value of preileostomy closure sphincter-strengthening exercises to improve early functional outcome. METHODS: Patients were randomized either to a control group (Group 1) or to undergo a five-week pelvic floor exercise program (Group 2). An incontinence score from 0 to 20 was used to clinically assess the functional results. Anorectal manometric assessment included: highpressure zone length, mean resting pressure, highest resting pressure, mean squeezing pressure, and highest squeezing pressure. The paired t-test was used to compare the functional results preoperatively and at the time of ileostomy closure. This time corresponded to the conclusion of the exercise program or the equivalent time period for the control group. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients who underwent double-stapled ileoanal reservoir between July 1991 and June 1992 were studied. They included 16 males and 10 females with a mean age of 38 (range, 17–69) years. When both evaluations were compared, the mean incontinence score decreased from 0.2 to 2.8 (Δ=2.6) in Group 1 and from 0.2 to 2.0 (Δ = 1.8) in Group 2 (P=0.07). None of the changes between the preoperative and postoperative clinical and physiologic evaluations were statistically significant (P〉0.05). CONCLUSION: Sphincter-strengthening exercises before ileostomy closure did not minimize the transient impairment of functional results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02076184
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does perineal descent correlate with pudendal neuropathy? (1993)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 36 (1993), S. 475-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Perineal descent ; Cinedefecography ; Electromyography ; Pudendal nerve ; Neurophysiology ; Anal physiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A prospective study was undertaken to assess the potential correlation between increased perineal descent (IPD) and pudendal neuropathy (PN) in 213 consecutive patients. These 165 females and 48 males of a mean age of 62 (range, 18–87) years had constipation (n=115), idiopathic fecal incontinence (n=58), or chronic intractable rectal pain (n=40). All 213 patients underwent cinedefecography (CD) and bilateral pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) assessment. Perineal descent (PD) of more than the upper limit of normal of 3.0 cm during evacuation was considered increased. Pudendal neuropathy was diagnosed when PNTML exceeded the upper limit of normal of 2.2 milliseconds. Although 65 patients (31 percent) had PD, only 16 (25 percent) of these 65 patients had neuropathy. Moreover, PN was also found in 42 (28 percent) of 148 patients without IPD. Conversely, only 16 (28 percent) of the 58 patients who had PN also had IPD, and IPD was present in 49 (32 percent) of 155 patients without PN. The frequency of PN according to the degree of IPD was: 30 to 4.0 cm, 6 of 27 patients (22 percent); 4.1 to 5.0 cm, 4 of 15 (27 percent); 5.1 to 6.0 cm, 4 of 12 (25 percent); 6.1 to 7.0 cm, 2 of 8 (25 percent); and 〉7.0 cm, 0 of 3 (0 percent). Linear regression analysis was undertaken to compare the relationships between measurements of PD at rest (R), push (P), and change (C=P−R) and values of PNTML. These values for all 213 patients were: R,r=0.048; P,r=0.031; and C,r=−0.050. The correlation coefficients were equally poor for all the individual subgroups analyzed, including the patient's sex or diagnosis. In summary, no correlation was found between PD and PNTML. The lack of a relationship was seen for the entire group as well as for those patients with either neuropathy or increased perineal descent. Therefore, the often espoused relationship between increased PD and PN was not supported by this prospective evaluation. Although increased PD and prolonged PNTML are frequently observed in patients with disordered defecation, they may represent independent findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02050014
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of anal sphincter function after the ileoanal reservoir procedure in patients over the age of fifty (1994)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 37 (1994), S. 1002-1005 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Ileoanal reservoir ; Pouch ; Restorative proctocolectomy ; Continence ; Ileoanal anastomosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to postoperatively assess the progression of anal sphincter function and clinical outcome in patients ≥50 years old (Group I) compared with those 〈50 years old (Group II). METHODS: Clinical data were assessed after ileostomy closure by a questionnaire. These data were compiled to obtain an incontinence score, which ranged from 0 (perfect continence) to 20 (total incontinence). Anorectal manometry was performed preoperatively (MN1) and postoperatively, before (MN2) and after (MN3) ileostomy closure. Wilcoxon and paired t-test were used to compare the clinical and functional results, respectively. RESULTS: Group I consisted of 22 patients (mean age, 56 years) and Group II, 50 patients (mean age, 32 years). No differences were found relative to either preoperative pressures or clinical outcome. However, both the mean and high resting pressures were significantly lower in Group I at the MN2 examination. CONCLUSION: The effect on anal sphincters of ileoanal reservoir in patients over the age of 50 years is similar to that noted in younger patients. Transient impairment of internal anal sphincter function observed after ileoanal reservoir is more severe in older patients (P=0.01). However, as in younger patients, it does completely recover after ileostomy closure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049312
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