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  • 1
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fraction of cell capable of division was determined for (1) population of the human diploid cell strains, WI38 after different numbers of subcultivations in vitro and (2) a single population of WI38 cells at intervals throughout its entire in vitro lifespan. In both cases the percentage of cells capable of division decreased with increasing age in tissue culture. The rate and the magnitude of the decrease is sufficient to account for the limited in vitro lifespan reported by other investigators. Furthermore, the decrease in the fraction of cells capable of division in similar in some respects of senescence among human populations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: By mapping the location of isolated single cells; and then counting the number of cells at each location as a function of time. it was possible to accumulate data on the growth history for each of a large group of clones. The clone size distribution, its mean and standard deviation were computed for each day in culture. Variations in schedule of medium change and time of exposure to trypsin, did not measurably affect variation in clone size. Neither could clone size variation be accounted for on the basis of (1) occurrence of nondividing cells nor (2) presence of heritable growth rate variants in the population. It is probable that clone size variation under our conditions is primarily a consequence of a highly variable interdivision time among the constituent cells.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 91 (1979), S. 363-379 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Der Einfluß der Molekülsymmetrie auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit wird mit einem Verfahren untersucht, das chemische Reaktionen als elektronische Übergänge zwischen Edukt- und Produktzuständen betrachtet, wobei diese Zustände durch quasiadiabatische Potentialflächen beschrieben werden. Für diese Übergänge werden unter Verwendung des molekularen Hamilton-Operators Auswahlregeln hergeleitet. Der vollständige Hamilton-Operator weist keine brauchbare Symmetrie auf; die Vernachlässigung von Nicht-Born-Oppenheimer-Termen, von Spin-Bahn-Kopplungstermen und anderen Drehimpulskopplungstermen ergibt einen approximierten Hamilton-Operator und führt zu Auswahlregeln, welche die Basis der Woodward-Hoffmann-Regeln bilden. Dieser Ansatz bietet eine Alternative zu den adiabatischen Potentialflächen, den Reaktionskoordinaten und der Theorie des Übergangszustandes, die bei der Diskussion der Woodward-Hoffmann-Regeln üblicherweise zugrunde gelegt werden. Darüber hinaus lassen sich mit diesem Ansatz Verletzungen der Symmetrieregeln besonders gut diskutieren und konzertierte von nichtkonzentrierten Reaktionen unterscheiden.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 18 (1979), S. 377-392 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Orbital symmetry ; Woodward-Hoffmann rules ; Kinetics ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of molecular symmetry on reaction rates is examined with an approach in which reactions are viewed as electronic transitions between states of reacants and products (described, in turn by quasiadiabatic potential surface). The moleculer Hamiltonian is used to derive selection rules for these transitions. The complete Hamilatonian has no useful symmetery. Neglect of non-Born-Oppenheimer and spin-orbit terms (and of other angular momentum coupling terms) leads to an apporixmate Hamiltonian and to selection rules which from the basis of the Woodward-Hoffmann rules. This apporch provides an alternative to the adiabatic potantial surfaces, reaction coordinates, and transition state theory used in more familiar discussions of the Woodward-Hoffmann rules. Further, it provides a particulary clear method for discussing violations of these symmetry rules, and for differentiating concerted and nonconcerted reactions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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