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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (3)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (3)
  • thermal diffusivity  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suggestions regarding thermal diffusivity measurements on pyrolytic graphite and pyrolytic boron nitride by the laser pulse method (1986)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 7 (1986), S. 789-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: anisotropic materials ; pyrolytic graphite ; pyrolytic boron nitride ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The laser pulse method can be successfully applied to the measurement of thermal diffusivity of isotropic materials subject to some assumptions. For anisotropic materials, this method is applicable to the measurement of principal thermal diffusivity only on the condition that there is no difference in direction between the principal axis and that of the temperature gradient. After analyzing the heat conduction process in an anisotropic solid, it has been shown that large errors in the measurement of thermal diffusivity would exist if the direction of the principal axis deviates inconspicuously from that of the temperature gradient. The experimental results of thermal diffusivity of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) samples with various deviation angles have been compared with the analytical results. The laser pulse method is not applicable to measurements on semitransparent pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN). We adopted a two-layer composite sample to measure the thermal diffusivity of PBN in the c direction and a particular graphite-PBN composite sample has been prepared which has a very low thermal resistance at the interface. The thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of PG (below 2300°C) and PBN (below 1000°C) are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00503836
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of thermal diffusivity by the flash method for a two-layer composite sample in the case of triangular pulse (1986)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 7 (1986), S. 803-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: composites ; copper ; flash method ; iron ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method for measuring thermal diffusivity in one of the layers of a two-layer composite sample has been described. The heat transfer problem of a two-layer sample associated with pulse thermal diffusivity measurements has been analyzed for two cases: exponential and square-wave pulses. According to our measurements, a triangular heat-pulse function approximates reasonably well the output of the Nd-glass laser. In this paper, an expression is derived for the temperature transient at the rear face of two-layer sample being subjected to a triangular heat-pulse input on the front face. The analytical solution of the problem forms the basis of our method of data reduction. This solution has been programmed for computer processing of the data. The method described here has been successfully tested by limited measurements on copper and iron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00503837
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Molten Salts with a Transient Short-Hot-Wire Method (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 71-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: molten carbonates ; molten nitrate ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity ; transient short-hot-wire technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A transient short-hot-wire technique has been successfully used to measure the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of molten salts (NaNO3, Li2CO3/K2CO3, and Li2CO3/Na2CO3) which are highly corrosive. This method was developed from the hot-wire technique and is based on two-dimensional numerical solutions of unsteady heat conduction from a short wire with the same length-to-diameter ratio and boundary conditions as those used in the actual experiments. In the present study, the wires are coated with a pure Al2O3 thin film by using a sputtering apparatus. The length and radius of the hot wire and the resistance ratio of the lead terminals and the entire probe are calibrated using water and toluene with known thermophysical properties. Using such a calibrated probe, the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of molten nitrate are measured within errors of 3 and 20%, respectively. Also, the thermal conductivity of the molten carbonates can be measured within an error of 5%, although the thermal diffusivity can be measured within an error of 50%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006604820755
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on zona hardening in rat oocytes that are matured in vitro in a serum-free medium (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 28 (1991), S. 292-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Zonae pellucidae ; Trypsin inhibitor ; β-Mercaptoethanol ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The present study confirms that zonae pellucidae of rat oocytes became resistant to chymotrypsin digestion (zona hardening) after undergoing in vitro maturation (IVM) in a serum-free medium. However, zona hardening and did not occur when empty zonae without oocytes were cultured in the same IVM conditions, suggesting that oocyte-derived factor(s) is responsible for zona hardening in oocytes matured in the serum-free medium. Zona hardening occurred primarily after dictyate oocytes were cultured for 6-8 hours in the IVM medium without serum. Zona hardening could be prevented or alleviated if oocytes were cultured in the IVM medium containing bovine foetal calf serum, a soybean trypsin inhibitor, or β-mercaptoethanol, and in vitro fertilization rates for such oocytes were normal. Possible mechanisms of the phenomenon of zona hardening in oocytes matured in serum-free conditions are discussed in relation to its possible relevance to the cortical reaction and the physiological block to polyspermy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080280312
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of tissue-type plasminogen activator by activated rat eggs and its possible role in the zona reaction (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 32 (1992), S. 28-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: tPA ; Cortical granule reaction ; Sperm penetration ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The resumption of meiosis results in synthesis of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in the rat and mouse oocytes (Haurte et al., Cell 43:551-558, 1985). The present study demonstrates that freshly ovulated rat oocytes released their tPA into the surrounding medium upon in vitro activation by sperm penetration or treatment with a calcium ionophore. The presence of a neutralizing monoclonal anti-tPA antibody during in vitro activation by the calcium ionophore inhibited the activation-induced zona hardening and also preserved the ability of the oocyte to be penetrated by sperm subsequent to activation. Rat oocytes undergo zona hardening during in vitro maturation in the absence of serum, presumably as a result of spontaneous cortical granule release, based on findings in mice and hamsters. In the present study, the anti-tPA antibody prevented the zona hardening and enhanced partition by spermatozoa of rat oocytes that were matured in vitro without serum. Collectively, the observations reported here suggest a possible role of tPA released during the cortical granule reaction in the zona reaction, which contributes to the block to polyspermy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080320106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone and ovarian steroids during vitro meiotic maturation on fertilization of rat oocytes (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 23 (1989), S. 267-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: gonadotropins ; oocytes ; maturation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The present study examined the effects of gonadotropins and ovarian steroids during in vitro meiotic maturation of rat oocytes on their ability to undergo in vitro fertilization. Fully grown oocytes were isolated from antral follicles of immature rats and cultured as oocyte-cumulus cell complexes (OCC) under conditions in which completion of meiotic maturation occurs spontaneously. They were then exposed to spermatozoa under conditions in which oocytes matured in vivo exhibit high fertilization rates. Compared with oocytes from pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-treated rats, a simiiar proportion of the oocytes (〉80%) from untreated rats underwent germinal vesicle breakdown, but such oocytes had a lower rate of fertilization (70% vs. 20%). The presence of FSH during in vitro maturation restored the fertilization rate for oocytes from untreated rats, while a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, aminoglutethimide phosphate abolished this beneficial effect of FSH. The addition of progesterone during the in vitro maturation period duplicated the beneficial effect of FSH on fertilization rate of oocytes from untreated rats; oestradiol-17β was less effective in this regard, and 5α-dihydrotestosterone was ineffective. These findings indicate that FSH and progesterone, although having no apparent effect on nuclear maturation of the oocyte, play an important role during oocyte maturation in enabling normal fertilization to occur.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120230304
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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