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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of lung ventilation in the caecilian Dermophis mexicanus (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 226 (1995), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The pattern of lung ventilation in the terrestrial caecilian Dermophis mexicanus was investigated by recording pressure changes of buccal and pleuroperitoneal cavities and activity of the buccal musculature. This species uses a fairly typical sarcopterygian buccal pumping system to inflate its single lung. What distinguishes it from other amphibians is the large number of buccal pumping cycles that occur in each ventilatory cycle. Up to 29 buccal cycles were observed to occur in a single respiratory cycle, with a mean of 16.1 ± 3.0 buccal cycles. This long series of buccal cycles avoids the sarcopterygian pattern of rebreathing expired air because only the first buccal cycle pumps expired air back into the lung. The series of buccal cycles also generates pleuroperitoneal pressures that are three to ten times greater than those observed in other amphibians. We suggest that these high pleuroperitoneal pressures are necessary for the maintenance of body form and locomotor function in terrestrial caecilians. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052260305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulus-induced activation of the calcium-dependent protease within platelets (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 3 (1983), S. 579-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: calcium-dependent protease ; contractile proteins ; platelets ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970030524
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amebae of Dictyostelium discoideum respond to an increasing temporal gradient of the chemoattractant cAMP with a reduced frequency of turning: Evidence for a temporal mechanism in ameboid chemotaxis (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 7-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cell motility ; sensory transduction ; slime mold ; pseudopod formation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In an aggregation territory of Dictyostelium discoideum, outwardly moving, nondissipating waves of the chemoattractant cAMP sweep across each ameba. At the front of each wave, an ameba experiences an increasing temporal and a positive spatial gradient of cAMP. At the back of a wave, an ameba experiences a decreasing temporal and a negative spatial gradient of cAMP. Employing a perfusion chamber, we have mimicked the temporal dynamics of these waves in the absence of a spatial gradient and demonstrated that the frequency of lateral pseudopod formation and the frequency of turning are dramatically affected by the direction and dynamics of the temporal gradient. In addition, since an ameba will move in a directed fashion up a shallow, nonpulsatile gradient of cAMP, we also mimicked the increasing temporal gradient generated by an ameba moving up a shallow spatial gradient. The frequency of lateral pseudopod formation and the frequency of turning were depressed. Together, these results demonstrate that amebae can assess the direction of a temporal gradient of chemoattractant in the absence of a spatial gradient and alter both the frequency of pseudopod extension and turning, accordingly. Although these results do not rule out the involvement of a spatial mechanism in assessing a spatial gradient, they strongly suggest that the temporal dynamics of a cAMP wave or the temporal gradient generated by an ameba moving through a spatial gradient may play a major role in chemotaxis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970080103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of the alpha and beta dynein genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 435-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: flagella ; dynein heavy chains ; flagellar ATPase ; sequence homology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We previously cloned portions of the alpha and beta dynein heavy chain genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by screening a genomic expression library with monoclonal antibodies (Williams et al.: Journal of Cell Biology 103:1-11, 1986). Here we provide further evidence of the identity of these clones and describe the selection of adjacent regions from a large insert genomic library. Southern blots indicate that only a single copy of each gene is present in the Chlamydomonas genome, while Northern blots show that both heavy chains are encoded by 13.5 kilobase mRNAs and that the corresponding transcription units each span approximately 20 kilobase-pairs of genomic DNA. No similarities were detected between restriction maps of the alpha and beta dynein genes, but extensive regions of sequence similarity were identified by the cross-hybridization of cloned gene fragments.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140313
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In ascaris sperm pseudopods, msp fibers move proximally at a constant rate regardless of the forward rate of cellular translocation (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 31 (1995), S. 241-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Ascaris sperm ; motility ; computer-assisted motion analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Computer-assisted methods have been employed to obtain a high resolution description of pseudopod expansion, cellular translocation, and the subcellular dynamics of MSP fiber complexes in the motile sperm of the nematode Ascaris suum. Although Ascaris sperm translocating in a straight line or along a curved path do not retract their pseudopod or significantly alter pseudopod shape, they move in a cyclic fashion, with an average period between velocity peaks of 0.35 × 0.05 min, which is independent of the forward velocity of sperm translocation. Expansion is confined to a central zone at the distal edge of the pseudopod for sperm translocating in a straight line and to a left-handed or right-handed lateral zone in the direction of turning, for sperm translocating along a curved path. For cells translocating in a straight line, the branch points and kinks of MSP fiber complexes move in a retrograde direction in relation to the substratum at an average velocity of 11 μm per min which is independent of the forward velocity of sperm translocation. The distal (anterior) end of a fiber complex, however, moves distally at the speed of sperm translocation when it emanates from the expansion zone, but when it is displaced to a nonexpanding surface of the pseudopod, it stops moving distally. When a cell is anchored to the substratum and is, therefore, nonmotile, the velocity of fiber complexes moving in a retrograde direction doubles. The unique aspects of pseudopod and MSP fiber complex dynamics in Ascaris are compared to the dynamics of pseudopod formation and actin filament dynamics in traditional actin-based amoeboid cells, and the treadmill model for MSP polymerization is reassessed in light of the discovery that fiber complex branch points move proximally (posteriorly) at a fixed rate.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970310307
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ciliary motility in airway anaphylaxis (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2 (1982), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970020714
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A monoclonal antibody to the Ca2+ -ATPase of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum cross-reacts with slow type I but not with fast type II canine skeletal muscle fibers: An immunocytochemical and immunochemical study (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 9 (1988), S. 164-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum ; immunofluorescence ; myofibers types I (slow) and II (fast) ; II D8 monoclonal antibody ; II H11 monoclonal antibody ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ca2+ -ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum was localized in cryostat sections from three different adult canine skeletal muscles (gracilis, extensor carpi radialis, and superficial digitalis flexor) by immunofluorescence labeling with monoclonal antibodies to the Ca2+ -ATPase Type I (slow) myofibers were strongly labeled for the Ca2+ -ATPase with a monoclonal antibody (II D8) to the CA2+ -ATPase of canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum; the type II (fast) myofibers were labeled at the level of the background with monoclonal antibody II D8. By contrast, type II (fast) myofibers were strongly labeled for Ca2+ -ATPase of rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum. The subcellular distribution of the immunolabeling in type I (slow) myofibers with monoclonal antibody II D8 corresponded to that of the sarcoplasmic reticulum as previously determined by electron microscopy. The structural similarity between the canine cardiac Ca2+ -ATPase present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the canine slow skeletal muscle fibers was demonstrated by immunoblotting. Monoclonal antibody (II D8) to the cardiac Ca2+ -ATPase binds to only one protein band present in the extract from either cardiac or type I (slow) skeletal muscle tissue. By contrast, monoclonal antibody (II H11) to the skeletal type II (fast) Ca2+ -ATPase binds only one protein band in the extract from type II (fast) skeletal muscle tissue. These immunopositive proteins coelectrophoresed with the Ca2+ -ATPase of the canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and showed an apparent Mr of 115,000. It is concluded that the Ca2+ -ATPase of cardiac and type I (slow) skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum have at least one epitope in common, which is not present on the Ca2+ -ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum in type II (fast) skeletal myofibers. It is possible that this site is related to the assumed necessity of the Ca2+ -ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac and type I (slow) skeletal myofibers to interact with phosphorylated phospholamban and thereby enhance the accumulation of Ca2+ in the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum following β-adrenergic stimulation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970090208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation in the motility response to camp in dictyostelium discoideum (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 9 (1988), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: adaptation ; cAMP ; cell motility ; chemotaxis ; Dictyostelium discoideum ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When developing amebae of Dictyostelium discoideum are treated with constant concentrations of cAMP above 10-8 M, the average rate of motility is depressed, with maximum inhibition at roughly 10-6 M. It is demonstrated that shifting the concentration of cAMP from 0 M to concentrations ranging from 10-8 to 10-6 M in a perfusion chamber results in the immediate inhibition of motility. After shifting from 0 M to 10-8 or 10-7 M, the rate of cell motility remains low, then rebounds to a higher level, exhibiting a standard adaptation response. No adaptation is exhibited after a shift from 0 M to 10-6 M, a concentration resulting in maximum inhibition. It is demonstrated that the level of inhibition and the extent of the adaptation period are dependent upon the concentration of cAMP after the shift, and that submaximal inhibition is additive. The characteristics of adaptation in this motility response are very similar to the characteristics of adaptation for the relay system and phosphorylation of the putative cAMP receptor.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970090103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional motility cycle in leukocytes (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 22 (1992), S. 211-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A 3-dimensional dynamic image analyzing system (3D-DIAS) has been developed in which a translocating cell is optically sectioned in the z-axis within a 2 sec period; the perimeter of the cell in each section is digitized into the 3D-DIAS data file, and the digitized perimeters are wrapped in order to reconstruct the cell image in three dimensions. Using 3D-DIAS, we have obtained the first dynamic 3-dimensional description of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) translo-cating on a glass surface. A general behavior cycle has emerged which includes two phases. In the first, an ellipsoidal PMN with significant z-axis extends anteriorly and descends to the substratum. When the ventral surface of the anterior end contacts the substratum, there is rapid anterior expansion, which correlates with velocity peaks. In the second phase, the elongate PMN stops translocating along the substratum, the anterior end lifts off of the substratum, sometimes to heights greater than the length of the PMN at the substratum, and finally the PMN retracts into an ellipsoidal morphology still capable of random protrusions. During this second phase, which correlates with velocity troughs, turning usually occurs. The degree of turning is restricted by the continuous integrity of the posterior uropod. The period of the behavior cycle varies from roughly 0.5 to 2 min between PMNs, but is relatively constant within each individual PMN. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970220308
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of Dictyostelium amoebae is regulated primarily by the temporal dynamic of the natural cAMP wave (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 23 (1992), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Dictyostelium ; cAMP wave ; temporal mechanism ; chemotaxis ; pseudopod formation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The instantaneous velocity plots of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae responding to natural waves and simulated temporal waves of cAMP with periods of 7 min are highly similar. This similarity has been used to deduce the dynamics of a natural wave crossing an amoeba, and the behavior of amoebae has been characterized during the different phases of a natural wave with a computer-assisted dynamic image analyzing system. During the first ∼150 sec of the front of a natural wave, cells move persistently toward the aggregation center, with high instantaneous velocity and a decreased frequency of lateral pseudopod formation. During the last 30 sec of the front of the wave and the first 30 sec of the back of the wave, there is a “freeze” in cell shape and a dramatic depression in cell motility, pseudopod formation, and intracellular particle movement. During the last 180 sec of the back of the wave, there is a rebound in pseudopod formation, but it is random in direction and leads to no net cellular translocation. The data suggest that all of the behavior of a cell but orientation during the translocation phase is mediated by the temporal dynamics of the wave. The data also suggest that orientation toward the aggregation center occurs early in the front of the wave and that, once oriented, cells move in a blind fashion during the translocation phase. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970230207
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